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Nervous system > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Brain

A

left side: language development, mathematical & learning, capabilities,
sequential thought processes

right side: visual-spatial skills, musical and artistic activities, intuitive abilities.

-Gyrus and the sulcus increase surfaces area, giving us more cells.

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2
Q

Gyrus of brain

A

ridges of brain (plural-gyri)

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3
Q

Sulcus of brain

A

shallow grooves in brain that separate gyri (plural- sulci)

-Lateral, central and parietooccipital sulci divide the brain into lobes

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4
Q

fissure

A 
deep groove (sulcus) that separates larger regions of the brain
-Divides cerebrum into 5 lobes
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5
Q

four divisions of brain

A

Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brain Stem
Cerebellum

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6
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • Largest part of the mature brain
  • Five lobes on each hemisphere- frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insula
  • Consists of two hemispheres connected by the Corpus Callosum (bundles of nerve fibers)
  • Has Grey and white matter
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7
Q

Grey Matter

A 
Outer region: Cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells
-unmyelinated nerve tissue
-40% of brain 
serves to process info
-fully develops when reach 20s
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8
Q

White matter

A

Inner region: High density of myelinated fibres, axyons

  • 60% of brain
  • allows communication to and from grey matter areas, and between grey matter and other parts of bodies
  • develops through the 20s and peaks middle age
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9
Q

Flax Cerebri

A

dura matter that separates the 2 hemispheres

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10
Q

longitudinal fissure

A

separates Right and left sides

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11
Q

transverse fissure

A

separates cerebrum from cerebellum

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12
Q

Frontal Lobe

A
  • ability to recognize future consequences resulting from current actions
  • Choose between good and bad actions (or better and best), override
  • Suppress socially unacceptable responses
  • Motor area of brain
  • Where dopamine is produced. So pleasure, happiness, and motivation is found here.
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13
Q

Parietal lobe

A
  • Somatosensory area of the brain
    • Receives sensory input from one side of the body
  • Right parietal lobe receives input from the left side of the body and vice versa
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14
Q

occipital lobe

A

The visual area of the brain

-Right occipital lobe receives information from the left half of the visual field

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15
Q

Temporal lobe

A
  • Visual memories
  • Processing sensory input
  • Comprehending language
  • Storing new memories
  • Emotion
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16
Q

Insula Cortex

A

Buried deep within the lateral sulcus and covered by portions of temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes

  • Consciousness
  • Linked to emotion
  • Perception, motor control, self-awareness, cognitive functioning, and interpersonal experience
17
Q

Cross section of the cerebrum

A
  • Outer layer : Cerebral cortex: gray matter- Speech, evaluation of stimuli, conscious thinking, control skeletal muscles
  • Underlies cerebral cortex: white matter: myelinated axons- connects cerebral hemispheres (corpus callosum), gyri within hemispheres, cerebrum to the spinal cord
18
Q

Basal ganglia or basal Nuclei

A

gray matter located deep inside the cerebral white matter.
-major regions : the caudate nuclei, the putamen, and the globus pallidus—relays and modifies nerve impulses passing from the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord. Arm swinging while walking, for example, is controlled here.

19
Q

Diencephalon

A 
Connects cerebrum to brain stem
Consists Of:
Thalamus
Epithalamus
Hypothalamus
20
Q

Thalamus

A
  • Relay center for sensory tracts from the spinal cord to the cerebrum.
  • Contains centers for the sensation of pain, temperature, and touch.
  • Involved with emotions and alerting or arousal mechanisms.
21
Q

Epithalamus

A

Pineal gland

22
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • autonomic control center- blood pressure, rate and force of heart contraction, center for emotional response and behavior
  • homeostasis of body temperature
  • water balance and thirst
  • sleep/wake cycles
  • appetite
  • sexual arousal
  • control of endocrine functioning:
  • Acts on the pituitary gland through the release of neurosecretions.
23
Q

Brain Stem

A

Connects diencephalon to the spinal cord: Midbrain, Pons, Medulla oblongata

  • Contains the tracts leaving the brain
  • The pathway of all sensory/motor input in and out of the brain
  • Contains cardiovascular & respiratory centres, centres for vomiting, coughing, etc.
  • Cranial nerves leave the brainstem (smell, vision, motor/sensory function face, mouth and throat, hearing)
24
Q

Midbrain

A
  • Contains ascending and descending tracts to the cerebrum and thalamus.
  • Reflex center for eye muscles.
  • involved with processing visual and auditory information (connects head movements with visual and auditory stimuli).
25
Q

Pons

A
  • Connects the two halves of the cerebellum.

- Regulates breathing.

26
Q

Medulla oblongata

A
  • Composed of nerve tracts to and from the brain (these tracts cross over left to right and right to left)
  • May be regarded as an extension of the spinal cord
  • Almost all of the cranial nerves arise from this region
  • Contains control centers for many subconscious activities:
    • Respiratory rate
    • Heart rate
    • Arteriole constriction
    • Swallowing
    • Hiccupping
    • Coughing
    • Sneezing
27
Q

reticular activation system (RAS)

A
  • maintain wakefulness and alertness
  • filtering out unimportant sensory information
  • maintaining muscle tone and regulating visceral motor muscles.
28
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Called small brain
  • Dorsal to pons and medulla
  • Two lateral hemispheres, partially separated
  • Balance, Coordination and Proprioception
  • Controls and coordinates muscular activity.
  • Important in equilibrium, posture and movement.
29
Q

limbic system

A

-imposes an emotional aspect to behaviors, experiences, and memories. pleasure, fear, anger, sorrow, and affection are imparted to events and experiences.
• accomplishes this by white matter and gray matter that pervades the diencephalon and encircles the inside border of the cerebrum.

30
Q

Ventricles

A

Hollow cavities deep inside the brain
-Continuous with one another and with central canal of the spinal cord
• Lateral ventricles
• Third ventricle
• Fourth ventricle
• Contains choroid plexus, which produces the CSF

31
Q

Spinal Cord

A
  • Transmission of nerve impulses: a white matter of the spinal cord transmit sensory signals from peripheral regions to the brain and transmit motor signals from the brain to peripheral regions.
  • Spinal reflexes: Neurons in the gray matter of the spinal cord integrate incoming sensory information and respond with motor impulses that control muscles (skeletal, smooth, or cardiac) or glands
  • an extension of brainstem

Nervous system (4 decks)

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