Into to CVS

Question 1

Why do we need a CVS?

Answer 1

Diffusion of oxygen would take far too long- we are too big

Question 2

The area of exchange between capillaries and a tissue is generally large and depends on….

Answer 2

Capillary density

Question 3

More metabolically active tissues have …. capillary density

Answer 3

Higher

Question 4

What determines the concentration gradient between capillaries and tissues?

Answer 4

Rate of tissue usage

Rate of blood flow

Question 5

What is the rate of blood flow also known as?

Answer 5

Perfusion rate

Question 6

Which organs require high and constant perfusion rates?

Answer 6

Brain and kidneys

Question 7

What organ needs a high flow that increases with exercise?

Answer 7

The heart

Question 8

Blood flow is increased to the ….. muscle in exercise but increased to the ….. after a meal

Answer 8

skeletal

gut

Question 9

Does the total blood volume equal the circulating volume in a minute for the average man?

Answer 9

Yes- 5l/min at rest

Question 10

How much can the blood flow increase by in exercise?

Answer 10

5 times

Question 11

What cardiac border is inline with the second intercostal space?

Answer 11

Base of heart

Question 12

Where is the apex of the heart in terms of surface anatomy?

Answer 12

Mid-clavicular line 5th intercostal space

Question 13

What is fibrous around the heart? Why is this clinically significant?

Answer 13

The pericardium- no give so if pressure rises due to fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity the heart is compressed - cardiac tamponade

Question 14

Name the 4 layers of the pericardium.

Answer 14

Visceral - close to the myocardium
Pericardial cavity
Parietal layer
Fibrous layer

Question 15

What procedure is performed in cardiac tamponade?

Answer 15

Pericardiocentesis

Question 16

Where is the transverse pericardial sinus?

Answer 16

Between the pulmonary artery and the aorta.

Question 17

Whats the oblique sinus?

Answer 17

Pericardial reflections on to the pulmonary veins

Question 18

Where do you connect a Heart lung bypass machine and what so you clamp?

Answer 18

Connect ascending aorta and inferio vena cave to the machine

Clamp the aorta proximally to the heart from the tube of the machine.

Question 19

What froms a lot of the anterior and inferior heart?

Answer 19

Right ventricle

Question 20

What chamber wall forms the lateral left border of the heart?

Answer 20

Left ventricle

Question 21

Name the branches of the left coronary artery

Answer 21

Left anterior descending
Left marginal artery
Circumflex branch

Question 22

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

Answer 22

Right marginal artery
Atrio ventricular nodal artery
Posterior inter ventricular artery

Question 23

Small middle and great cardiac veins all drain to?

Answer 23

Coronory sinus

Question 24

Which surface of the heart is the coronary sinus on?

Answer 24

Posterior under the pulmonary veins.