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Gi Microanatomy > Intestines > Flashcards

Intestines Flashcards

1
Q

What is the length of the jejunum and ileum?

A

Jejunum is 2.5 m and ileum is 3.5 m

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2
Q

What features increase the surface area in the small intestines?

A

Plicae circulares (valves of kerckring), villi/crypts, and microvilli (with brush border)

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3
Q

Do crypts of intestinal villi cross the muscularis mucosae?

A

No

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4
Q

What type of epithelium is present in the small intestine?

A

Simple columnar

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5
Q

The simple columnar epithelium of small intestines is populated by what 5 types of cells?

A
  1. Enterocytes 2. Goblet cells
  2. EEC/APUD cells 4. Paneth cells
  3. Stem cells
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6
Q

What provides protection from invasive microorganisms in the small intestines?

A
  1. sIgA 2. tight junctions between enterocytes 3. GALT
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7
Q

Where are goblet cells highest in frequency: duodenum, jejunum, ileum, large intestine?

A

Goblet cells increase in frequency toward the large intestine.

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8
Q

What type of stem cells are present in the small intestine?

A

Pleuripotential cells

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9
Q

Where are APUD cells found in the small intestines?

A

In crypts

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10
Q

Where is sertonin secreted?

A

EC cells in the small intestine and fundus of the stomach

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11
Q

What cells secrete CCK?

A

I cells in the small intestines

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12
Q

What cells secrete secretin?

A

S cells in the small intestines

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13
Q

What is the function of secretin?

A

stimulates pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate and water secretion

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14
Q

What is the function of somatostatin?

A

Inhibits parietal and chief cell secretion

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15
Q

What is the function of chief cells?

A

secrete pepsinogen

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16
Q

What layer of the small intestine contains smooth muscle cells?

A

Lamina propria

17
Q

Where are Brunner’s glands found?

A

submucosa of the duodenum

18
Q

Where are Peyer’s patches found?

A

submucosa of the ileum

19
Q

What is the function of Brunner’s glands?

A

secretes a clear alkaline mucin into neck of crypts (protection against acid chyme)

20
Q

Define Peyer’s patches.

A

GALT, covered by M cells, important in immune response

21
Q

True or False: M cells are APC’s

A

FALSE. They are NOT APC’s.

22
Q

What is the difference between the mucosa of the large intestine versis the mucosa of the small intestine?

A

The mucosa of the large intestine has no villi and no plicae circularis. Crypts/glands are still present.

23
Q

What is the difference between the mucsularis externa of the large intestin and the muscularis externa of the small intestine?

A

The outer longitudinal muscle layer of the large intestine is formed by 3 longitudinal stripes called TANEA COLI

24
Q

How are the layers of the colon different from the rectum?

A

The rectum lacs tanea coli

25
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the proximal 1/2 of the anal canal?

A

Endoderm

26
Q

What is the embryonic origin of the distal 1/2 of the anal canal?

A

Ectoderm

27
Q

What is the dividing point between the upper and lower anal canal?

A

Pectinate line

28
Q

What type of epithelium is found above the pectinate line?

A

Simple columnar

29
Q

What type of epithelium is found below the pectinate line?

A

Non-keratinized strafied squamous

30
Q

Where is the most likely place to get hemorrhoids?

A

Lamina propria at the pectinate line contains large plexus of veins.

31
Q

Where are anal columns located?

A

Upper anal canal

32
Q

What is the blood supply of the anal canal above the pectinate line?

A

Superior rectal artery (branch of the IMA)

33
Q

What is the blood supply of the anal canal below the pectinate line?

A

Inferior rectal artery (branch of the internal pudendal artery)

34
Q

What is the internal anal sphincter composed of?

A

thickened inner circular layer of muscularis externa

Gi Microanatomy (3 decks)

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