Integrated histology and pathophysiology: Hepatic and biliary

Question 1

Describe the blood supply provided by the portal vein.

Answer 1

• 75% of blood supply to the liver
• carries poorly-oxygenated venous blood
• high in nutrients and toxins

Question 2

Describe the blood supply provided by the hepatic artery.

Answer 2

• 25% of the blood supply to the liver

- carrying oxygenated blood, low in nutrients

Question 3

What is in the portal triad?

Answer 3

Hepatic artery, Bile duct, Portal vein

Question 4

What is the name of the thin CT capsule that covers the liver?

Answer 4

Glisson’s capsule

Question 5

What is in the center of a classic liver lobule?

Answer 5

Central vein

Question 6

What are hepatic cords? Where are the hepatic sinusoids in relation to the hepatic cords?

Answer 6

rows of hepatocytes going from portal triads to the central vein forming sort of a brick wall. Hepatic sinusoids are between the hepatic cords.

Question 7

What type of blood does the central vein transport?

Answer 7

Transports clean blood to hepatic vein.

Question 8

What’s in the center of the portal lobule? what is at the outer points?

Answer 8

Portal triad in the center. Central vein in the outer points.

Question 9

What is a liver acinus?

Answer 9

Short axis between 2 portal triads, long axis between 2 central veins.

Question 10

What are the three zones of a liver acinus?

Answer 10

Zone 1:peritubular

• near the terminal portal vein gets the highest concentration of nutrients and toxins
• Most O2 rich
• last to die if circulation is impaired

Zone 2:
remains viable during ischemia along with zone 1 because of the close proximity to the portal triad

Zone3: Centrilobular

• nearest the central vein
• lowest concentration of nutrients/toxins
• protected from toxins but vulnerable to anoxia

Question 11

What type of cells line the bile duct?

Answer 11

Simple cuboidal

Question 12

What is an Ito cell?

Answer 12

• Fat storing cell in the liver
• also stores Vit A
• found within the hepatic cords

Question 13

What is the space of Disse?

Answer 13

a space in the hepatic cords where blood cells are developed during development

Question 14

Can hepatocytes have more than one nuclei?

Answer 14

YES they often do.

Question 15

What 3 types of cells are associated with hepatic sinusoids?

Answer 15

1. Endothelial cells (fenestrated)
2. Kupffer cells: APC
3. Ito cells (store fat and Vit A) in the space of Disse

Question 16

Are the endothelial cells of hepatic sinusoids fenestrated or not?

Answer 16

They are fenestrated.

Question 17

Where are bile canaliculi found?

Answer 17

Small enlargements in the extracellular space between two adjacent hepatoctes. Sealed by zonula occludens.

Question 18

How do the bile canaliculi join the bile ducts in the portal triad?

Answer 18

via short squamous CANALS OF HERING (bile ductules)

Question 19

In cirrhosis, which cells are responsible for producing lots of Collagen Type I that forms the scar tissue?

Answer 19

Ito Cells

Question 20

What are the layers of the gallbladder?

Answer 20

1. Mucosa
2. Muscularis externa
3. Serosa

[NOTE}: No muscularis mucosae and submucosa!!!!!!!