INTESTINAL FLUKES

Question 1

WHAT ARE THE INTESTINAL FLUKES?

Answer 1

1. FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI
2. INTESTINAL HETEROPHYDES
   - METAGONIMUS YOKOGAWAI
   - HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES
3. ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM
   - ARTYFECHINOSTOMUM MALAYANUM

Question 2

GIANT INTESTINAL LIVER FLUKE

Answer 2

FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

Question 3

NATURAL DEFINITIVE HOST OF FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

Answer 3

MAN, HOGS/PIGS

OCCASIONALLY DOGS

Question 4

MORPHOLOGY OF F. BUSKI ADULT WORM

Answer 4

7 CM
THICK, FLESHY, OVATE WITH SPINOUS CUTICLE
**INDENTED INTESTINAL CECA THAT IS UNBRANCHED AND REACHES UP TO THE POSTERIOR END
ORAL SUCKER IS 1/4 OF VENTRAL SUCKER
**DENDRITIC AND IN TANDEM TESTES
**BRANCHED OVARIES AT MIDLINE (LOBULATED IN F. HEPATICA)

Question 5

SEGMENTINA, HIPPEUTIS, GYRAULUS

Answer 5

1ST INTERMEDIATE HOST OF FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

Question 6

TRAPA, EICHORNIA, ELIOCHARIS, ZIZANIA, IPOMEA OBSURA, NYMPHAEA LOTUS

WATER CALTROP, WATER HYACINTH, WATER CHESTNUT, WATER BAMBOO, WATER MORNING GLORY

Answer 6

2ND INTERMEDIATE HOST OF FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

Question 7

PATHOLOGY OF FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

Answer 7

FASCIOLOPSIASIS
TOXIC D/T ACCUMULATION OF WASTE PRODUCTS OF WORM
ULCREATION, ABSCESS FORMATION

Question 8

DIAGNOSIS OF F. BUSKI

Answer 8

EGGS IN STOOL LOOK LIKE ECHINOSTOMES, FASCIOLA HEPATICA, FASCIOLA GIGANTICA
ELLIPSOIDAL, CLEAR, THIN SHELL, SMALL OPERCULUM

UNDEVELOPED IN FECES

Question 9

TREATMENT OF F. BUSKI

Answer 9

PRAZIQUANTEL

Question 10

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF F. BUSKI

Answer 10

NOT YET DEMONSTRATED IN THE PHILIPPINES

Question 11

METAGONIMUS YOKOGAWAI

Answer 11

JAPANESE FLUKE

SMALLEST HUMAN FLUKE

Question 12

NATURAL DEFINITIVE HOST OF M. YOKOGAWAI

Answer 12

MAN, HOGS, DOGS, CATS, PELICANS

Question 13

ADULT WORM MORPHOLOGY OF M. YOKOGAWAI

Answer 13

1.4X0.6 MM
1 0VARY, GLOBAL
OVAL TESTES, OBLIQUE TO EACH OTHER, IN POSTERIOR THIRD

Question 14

HUA, SEMISULCOSPIRA, THIARA SP.

Answer 14

1ST INTERMEDIATE HOST OF M. YOKOGAWAI

Question 15

2ND INTERMEDIATE HOST OF M. YOKOGAWAI

Answer 15

FRESHWATER/BRACKISH WATER FISH
SALMONOID FISHES
-PLECTEGLOSSUS SP.
- SALMON SP.

CYPRIOD FISHES

• RICHARSONIUM SP.
• ODONTOBUTIS SP.

Question 16

PATHOLOGY OF M. YOKOGAWAI

Answer 16

METAGONOMIASIS
-EXCYSTS IN DUODENUM
-RESIDES IN JEJUNUM, RARELY IN DUODENUM
EGGS CAN GO TO LYMPHATICS OR MESENTERIC VENULES AND FORM GRANULOMAS
CAN AFFECT HEART, BRAIN ETC.

Question 17

DIAGNOSIS OF M. YOKOGAWAI

Answer 17

THIN SHELLED, OPERCULATED EGGS
**SLIGHTLY DISTINCT OPERCULAR GROOVE
**NODULAR THICKENING AT POSTERIOR END
SIMILAR TO HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES

DEVELOPED IN FECES

Question 18

TREATMENT OF M. YOKOGAWAI

Answer 18

PRAZIQUANTEL

Question 19

OTHER NAME FOR HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES

Answer 19

NONE

Question 20

NATURAL DEFINITIVE HOST OF HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES

Answer 20

MAN

Question 21

RESERVOIR HOSTS OF HETEROPHYES HETEROPHYES

Answer 21

DOGS, CATS, BIRDS

Question 22

ADULT WORM MORPHOLOGY OF H. HETEROPHYESD

Answer 22

2 OVOID TESTES THAT ARE SIDE BY SIDE (NOT IN TANDEM)
LARGE ANTERIOR SUCKER IN MIDDLE THIRD
PYRIFORM, SCALE-LIKE SPINOUS CUTICLE
WITH < 1 YEAR LIFE SPAN
GONOTYL/GENITAL SUCKER AT LEFT POSTERIOR BORDER OF VENTRAL SUCKER

Question 23

PIRENELLA, CIRETHIDIA, MELANIA JUNCEA, THIARA RIQUETTI

Answer 23

1ST INTERMEDIATE HOSTS OF H. HETEROPHYES

Question 24

2ND INTERMEDIATE HOST OF H. HETEROPHYES

Answer 24

FRESHWATER/ BRACKISH WATER/ SALT WATER FISH

• MUGIL (MULLET)
• TILAPIA
• ACANTHOGOBIUS SP.

METACERCARIA FREQUENTLY FOUND AT BASE OF FINS

Question 25

PATHOLOGY OF H. HETEROPHYES

Answer 25

HETEROPHYIASIS

EGGS CAN GO TO LYMPHATICS OR MESENTERIC VENULES AND FORM GRANULOMAS
CAN AFFECT HEART, BRAIN ETC.

PUD, APD, COLICKY PAIN, MUCOID DIARRHEA

Question 26

DIAGNOSIS OF H. HETEROPHYES

Answer 26

LIGHT BROWN, THICK SHELLED, OVOID
**NO ABOPERCULAR PROTUBERANCE UNLIKE OPISTHORCHIS AND CLONORCHIS

DEVELOPED IN FECES

Question 27

TREATMENT H. HETEROPHYES

Answer 27

PRAZIQUANTEL;

Question 28

ANOTHER INTESTINAL HETEROPHYDES FOUND IN MINDANAO.

Answer 28

HAPLORCHIS - HAS ONE TESTIS

Question 29

NATURAL DEFINITIVE HOST OF ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM

Answer 29

MAN, PIGS, DOG, CATS, RATS AS RESERVOIR HOSTS

Question 30

ADULT MORPHOLOGY OF E. ILOCANUM

Answer 30

REDDISH GRAY
**49 - 51 COLLAR SPINES IN ORAL SUCKER
** DEEPLY BILOBED IN TANDEM TESTES
ANTERIOR OVARY
ORAL SUCKER LIES IN CIRCUMORAL DISC
VENTRAL SUCKER IN ANTERIOR 1/5
SIMPLE CECE
VITELLARIA IN POSTERIOR HALF

Question 31

GYRAULUS CONVEXIUSCULUS

HIPPEUTIS UMBILICALIS

Answer 31

1ST INTERMEDIATE HOST OF ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM

Question 32

ADULT MORPHOLOGY OF ARTYFECHINOSTOMUM MALAYANUM

Answer 32

43 - 45 COLLAR SPINES

PRE-EQUATORIAL OVARIES

Question 33

2ND INTERMEDIATE HOST OF ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM

Answer 33

SNAIL

• PLIA LUZONICA (KUHOL)
• VIVIPARA ANGULARIS (SUSONG PAMPANG)

Question 34

2ND INTERMEDIATE HOST OF ARTFECHINOSTOMUM MALAYANUM

Answer 34

SNAIL

-LYMNAEA CUMINGIANA (BIRABID)

Question 35

PATHOLOGY OF E. ILOCANUM AND A. MALAYANUM

Answer 35

ECHISNOSTOMIASIS
EGGS CAN GO TO LYMPHATICS OR MESENTERIC VENULES AND FORM GRANULOMAS
CAN AFFECT HEART, BRAIN ETC.

Question 36

EGGS OF E. ILOCANUM

Answer 36

STRAW-COLORED
RESEMBLES FASCIOLA AND FASCIOLOPSIS
UNDEVELOPED IN FECES

Question 37

EGGS OF A. MALAYANUM

Answer 37

LARGE, GOLDEN BROWN

Question 38

TREATMENT FOR E. ILOCANUM AND A. MALAYANUM

Answer 38

PRAZIQUANTEL

Question 39

DISTRIBUTION OF E. ILOCANUM AND A. MALAYANUM

Answer 39

SOUTHEAST ASIA, EAST ASIA

Question 40

PRECAUTIONS WHEN TAKING PRAZIQUANTEL (4)

Answer 40

• NO PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 2 HOURS AFTER INTAKE
• NO ALCOHOL AND FATS 24h BEFORE AND AFTER TX
• NPO EXCEPT WATER WITHIN 3h
• ADULT DOSE MAX = 5 ML

Question 41

INTESTINAL FLUKES THAT ARE UNEMBRYONATED WHEN PASSED IN STOOL

Answer 41

FASCIOLOPSIS BUSKI

ECHINOSTOMA ILOCANUM