Intestinal Flagellates and Ciliates

Question 1

Several names of Giardia which can be used interchangeably

Answer 1

• Giardia intestinalis
• Giardia lamblia
• Giardia duodenalis

Question 2

Initial name of Giardia by Dr. Vilém Dusan Lambl

Answer 2

Cercomonas intestinalis

Question 3

Giardia lamblia was named in honor of _____

Answer 3

Prof. Alfred Mathieu Giard and Dr. Lambl

Question 4

Giardia has a worldwide distribution, although it is more prevalent in ____

Answer 4

Warm climates and in children

Question 5

most frequently identified human protozoan enteropathogen

Answer 5

Giardia

Question 6

Movement of Giardia trophozoite is described as _____

Answer 6

tumbling leaf motility

Question 7

heaps of microtubules involved in movement and provide support

Answer 7

Axostyles

Question 8

Giardia has ___ nuclei, ___ axostyles, and _____ pairs of flagella

Answer 8

2, 2, 4 pairs

Question 9

Number of nuclei present in Giardia cyst

Answer 9

4

Question 10

Axostyle runs diagonally/vertically through the cyst

Answer 10

diagonally

Question 11

_____ of Giardia cysts consist of the remains of axonemes and parabasal bodies

Answer 11

Longitudinal fibrils

Question 12

Trophozoites are released in the ____

Answer 12

Small intestine

Question 13

Infective stage of Giardia

Answer 13

Mature cyst

Question 14

Diagnostic stage of Giardia

Answer 14

Cyst and trophozoite in feces

Question 15

Trophozoites multiply by ______

Answer 15

longitudinal binary fission

Question 16

Giardia has ___ subgroups called _____

Answer 16

8 subgroups
assemblages

Question 17

Factors of Giardia possibly contributing to clinical manifestations

Answer 17

● Virulence of Giardia strain
● Number of cysts ingested
● Age of the host
● State of the host’s immune system at the time of infection

Question 18

Extremely large number of trophozoites will affect which vitamin uptake?

Answer 18

B12

Question 19

Chronic Giardia may lead to

Answer 19

iron deficiency anemia, micronutrient deficiencies, protein-energy malnutrition, growth and cognitive retardation in children.

Question 20

TRUE OR FALSE: Multiple stool collection should be done on ____ to increase sensitivity

Answer 20

Separate days

Question 21

This test Samples duodenal contents or gastrointestinal fluid using a gelatin capsule

Answer 21

Entero test

Question 22

Giardia trophozoite should be done in ____ mount, and cyst should be done in ____ mount

Answer 22

Trophozoite: saline
cyst: iodine

Question 23

For giardia control which is not effective in cleaning contaminated water?

A. Addition of iodine
B. Chlorination
C. Boiling

Answer 23

B. Chlorination

Question 24

Balantidium coli is also known as

Answer 24

Neobalantidium coli or Balantioides coli

Question 25

Phylum of B. coli

Answer 25

Phylum Ciliophora

Question 26

B. coli is the only known _____ to be pathogenic to humans

Answer 26

ciliate

Question 27

B. coli is often associated with ____

Answer 27

swines

Question 28

director of the cell’s activities

Answer 28

Macronucleus

Question 29

used for reproduction, responsible for genetic reorganization during cross-fertilization

Answer 29

Micronucleus

Question 30

Structure of B. coli: opening at the posterior end, anal-like opening

Answer 30

Cytopyge

Question 31

Structure of B. coli: opening at the pointed anterior end leading to the cytostome (cell mouth)

Answer 31

peristome

Question 32

2 modes of reproduction of B. coli trophozoite

Answer 32

• Asexual transverse binary fission
• sexual conjugation

Question 33

In B. coli cyst, Cilia is sometimes seen (outside/within) the cyst

Answer 33

within

Question 34

B. coli is destroyed in what pH

Answer 34

pH < 5

Question 35

B. coli mostly occurs in _____ with low stomach acidity

Answer 35

malnourished persons

Question 36

Pulmonary infections of B. coli has increased prevalence in what occupation?

Answer 36

Organic farmers who use pig manure