Intestinal Flagellates and Ciliates Flashcards
Several names of Giardia which can be used interchangeably
- Giardia intestinalis
- Giardia lamblia
- Giardia duodenalis
Initial name of Giardia by Dr. Vilém Dusan Lambl
Cercomonas intestinalis
Giardia lamblia was named in honor of _____
Prof. Alfred Mathieu Giard and Dr. Lambl
Giardia has a worldwide distribution, although it is more prevalent in ____
Warm climates and in children
most frequently identified human protozoan enteropathogen
Giardia
Movement of Giardia trophozoite is described as _____
tumbling leaf motility
heaps of microtubules involved in movement and provide support
Axostyles
Giardia has ___ nuclei, ___ axostyles, and _____ pairs of flagella
2, 2, 4 pairs
Number of nuclei present in Giardia cyst
4
Axostyle runs diagonally/vertically through the cyst
diagonally
_____ of Giardia cysts consist of the remains of axonemes and parabasal bodies
Longitudinal fibrils
Trophozoites are released in the ____
Small intestine
Infective stage of Giardia
Mature cyst
Diagnostic stage of Giardia
Cyst and trophozoite in feces
Trophozoites multiply by ______
longitudinal binary fission
Giardia has ___ subgroups called _____
8 subgroups
assemblages
Factors of Giardia possibly contributing to clinical manifestations
● Virulence of Giardia strain
● Number of cysts ingested
● Age of the host
● State of the host’s immune system at the time of infection
Extremely large number of trophozoites will affect which vitamin uptake?
B12
Chronic Giardia may lead to
iron deficiency anemia, micronutrient deficiencies, protein-energy malnutrition, growth and cognitive retardation in children.
TRUE OR FALSE: Multiple stool collection should be done on ____ to increase sensitivity
Separate days
This test Samples duodenal contents or gastrointestinal fluid using a gelatin capsule
Entero test
Giardia trophozoite should be done in ____ mount, and cyst should be done in ____ mount
Trophozoite: saline
cyst: iodine
For giardia control which is not effective in cleaning contaminated water?
A. Addition of iodine
B. Chlorination
C. Boiling
B. Chlorination
Balantidium coli is also known as
Neobalantidium coli or Balantioides coli
Phylum of B. coli
Phylum Ciliophora
B. coli is the only known _____ to be pathogenic to humans
ciliate
B. coli is often associated with ____
swines
director of the cell’s activities
Macronucleus
used for reproduction, responsible for genetic reorganization during cross-fertilization
Micronucleus
Structure of B. coli: opening at the posterior end, anal-like opening
Cytopyge
Structure of B. coli: opening at the pointed anterior end leading to the cytostome (cell mouth)
peristome
2 modes of reproduction of B. coli trophozoite
- Asexual transverse binary fission
- sexual conjugation
In B. coli cyst, Cilia is sometimes seen (outside/within) the cyst
within
B. coli is destroyed in what pH
pH < 5
B. coli mostly occurs in _____ with low stomach acidity
malnourished persons
Pulmonary infections of B. coli has increased prevalence in what occupation?
Organic farmers who use pig manure
