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172 LE 3 > Hemoflagellates > Flashcards

Hemoflagellates Flashcards

1
Q

Trypanosomes Order

A

Kinetoplastida

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2
Q

Heteroxenous

A

lives in blood and/or fixed tissues of vertebrates or lives in the intestine of bloodsucking invertebrates

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3
Q

Genera of trypanosomes

A

Trypanosoma and Leishmania

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4
Q

A specialized compartment of the mitochondrion that contains a mass of concatenated DNA circles amounting to up to 10% of total cellular DNA

A

Kinetoplast

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5
Q

Types of trypanosomes

A
  • Stercorarian species/trypanosomes
  • Salivarian species/trypanosomes
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6
Q

Insect vector of Salivarian species/trypanosomes

A

Tsetse fly

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7
Q

Most often insect vector of Stercorarian species/trypanosomes

A

triatome kissing bug

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8
Q

Chagas disease (aka American trypanosomiasis)

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

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9
Q

Infective stage of T. cruzi

A

Metacyclic trypomastigotes passed from the triatomine bug

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10
Q

Diagnostic stage of T. cruzi

A

Trypomastigotes

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11
Q

Mammalian stage life cycle of T. cruzi

A

In order
- Infected triatomine insect
- Trypomastigotes
- Intracellular amastigote
- Trypomastigotes
- bloodstream trypomastigotes

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12
Q

Triatomine bug stage of T. cruzi

A
  • Kissing bug
  • trypomastigotes in midgut
  • epimastigotes
  • metacyclic trypomastigotes
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13
Q

Mode of transmission for Chagas disease

A
  • Blood feeding drugs
  • Scratching of bitten skin
  • blood transfusion
  • congenital
  • organ transplant
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14
Q

Also called Conenoses/Kissing/Assassin Bug

A

Triatomine bug

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15
Q

Triatomine bugs are also called ___ biters

A

night biters

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16
Q

Most important vector of T. cruzi

A

Triatoma infestans

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17
Q

Species recorded to be present in the Philippines, identified through the museum data and actual collection

A

T. rubrofasciata

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18
Q

Romaña’s sign

A

purplish swelling of the lid of one eye

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19
Q

The parasite is hidden in the _____ in chronic Chagas infection

A

heart and digestive muscle

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20
Q

_____ is vital to be able to prevent infections
through blood transfusion and organ transplantation

A

Blood screening

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21
Q

Treatment for T. cruzi

A

Benznidazole and nifurtimox

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22
Q

Usual treatment for T. cruzi is not recommended for

A

Pregnant women
People with kidney or liver failure

23
Q

Also called “African trypanosomes”, “Old World trypanosomes”

A

T. brucei

24
Q

TRUE OR FALSE: The two subspecies of T. brucei are morphologically distinguishable

A

False

25
Q

Causes Chronic African Trypanosomiasis aka
West African Sleeping Sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

26
Q

Causes Acute African Trypanosomiasis aka
East African Sleeping Sickness

A

T. brucei rhodesiense

27
Q

T. brucei brucei is a parasite of what animal

A

Cattle

28
Q

Infective stage of T. brucei

A

Metacyclic trypomastigotes

29
Q

Diagnostic stage of T. brucei

A

Circulating trypomastigotes

30
Q

Reservoirs of T. b. gambiense

A

Humans

31
Q

Reservoirs of T.b.rhodesiense

A

Cattle and Wild Ungulates

32
Q

Bloodstream trypomastigotes replicate via ____

A

Binary fission

33
Q

It is stated that the entire life cycle of the African trypanosomes is represented by

A

extracellular stages

34
Q

In the fly’s midgut, T. brucei transforms into ____, which will then transform into ____

A

procyclic trypmastigotes, epimastigotes

35
Q

Vector of T. brucei

A

Tsteste fly

36
Q

Most important species of Tsetse fly

A

Glossina palpalis

37
Q

T. brucei is endemic to what continent

A

Africa

38
Q

Only country where both forms of T. brucei are present

A

Uganda

39
Q

T.b. rhodesiense infections are reported to likely result in _____

A

endocrine abnormalities

40
Q

Posterior triangle cervical lymphadenopathy, or “Winterbottom’s sign” is commonly seen in which T. brucei subspecies?

A

T.b. gambiense

41
Q

Treatment for 1st stage T. brucei infection

A
  • Pentamidine
  • Suramin
42
Q

2nd stage treatment of T. brucei

A
  • Melarsoprol
  • Elfornithine
  • Nifurtimox
43
Q

New oral treatment for T.b. gambiense

A

Fexinidazole

44
Q

Species of Leishmania are morphologically indistinguishable but can be differentiated by ____

A

○ Isoenzyme Analysis
○ Molecular Methods
○ Monoclonal Antibodies

45
Q

Transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sand fly

A

Leishmania

46
Q

Infective stage of Leishmania

A

Promastigote

47
Q

Where do promastigotes of Leishmania transform into amastigotes

A

macrophages and other mononuclear phagocytic cells

48
Q

Sandfly are ___ feeders

A

Nocturnal feeders

49
Q

3 most common forms of Leishmaniasis

A
  1. Cutaneous (Oriental Sore)
  2. Visceral (Kala-Azar)
  3. Mucocutaneous (Uta)
50
Q

Most common form of Leishmania

A

Cutaneous

51
Q

Notable species of Oriental sore

A

Leishmania tropica

52
Q

Most severe form of leishmaniasis

A

Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-Azar)

53
Q

Notable species of Visceral leishmaniasis

A

L. donovani

54
Q

The most DISABLING form of the leishmania

A

Mucocutaneous Leishmaniasis (Uta)

172 LE 3 (5 decks)

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