Intestinal Carcinoma Flashcards
what is the most positive risk factor for colon cancer?
family history
what are four complications of GI polyps?
what are the two type?
what are the two gross appearances?
hemorrhage
obstruction
intussusception
malignant transformation
types: nonneoplastic/neoplastic
gross: pedunculated/sessile
greater than what size increases the change of carcinoma of a adenomatous polyp?
> 2cm
penetration through which layer will give malignant cells access to submucosal lymphatic channels?
Muscularis mucosa
What level are all sessile polyps with invasive carcinoma according to Haggitts criteria? how should it be managed?
level 4
Tx: colectomy
what is the “T” grading of the TNM scaling for GI carcinomas?
Tis - Carcinoma in situ (through lamina propria) T1 - submucosa T2 - Muscularis propria T3 - Subserosa T4 - other organs perforated
Where in the colon are colorectal cancers most common?
Sigmoid
What is the perforation a/w in the context of colorectal cancer?
high rate of local recurrence
low survival
What is the most common cause of large bowel obstruction?
colorectal cancer
What are the three types of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)
- Gardner’s - osteomas, desmoid tumors
- Turcot’s - CNS tumors
- Attenuated FAP - mutations on 5’ end = short proteins = alot less polyps
What genes are involved with HNPCC/Lynch Syndrome?
Mismatch repair genes (MMR)