Interwar Years

Question 1

Treaty of Versailles

Answer 1

Ended WWI, anti-Germany (reparations, can’t invade, etc)

Question 2

The Great Depression

Answer 2

US stock market crash 1929, spread to Europe, high unemployment and poverty, overall economic instability

Question 3

Mandate system

Answer 3

European countries (England, France) were “assigned” to Middle Eastern countries to help lead and maintain control

Question 4

Sykes-Picot

Answer 4

1916 secret treaty between England and France establishing mandates in the Middle East

Question 5

Balfour declaration

Answer 5

Document released by British officer expressing the desire to create a Jewish nation-state in Palestine, prompting many Jews to move to the area and creating conflict with Muslims, who also viewed Palestine as their homeland

Question 6

Arab nationalism

Answer 6

Arab independence from Ottoman Empire declared in 1916 with British support, little loyalty to country but more to Arabia ( shared language, religion)

Question 7

authoritarianism and totalitarianism

Answer 7

strict obedience to the gov (or other authority) in exchange for personal freedoms, tends to be dictatorial

Question 8

Dictator

Answer 8

a leader with complete control over their country, normally won by force

Question 9

Facism

Answer 9

characterized by militarism, violence and force, glorification of the past, nationalism, revolution, xenophobia, dictatorship

Question 10

Collectivization

Answer 10

replacing individual ownership and operation with collective ownership typically done by the gov

Question 11

Communism

Answer 11

all property is publicly owned, economic equality

Question 12

Benito Mussolini

Answer 12

“il duce” Italian dictator 1920s-40s, creator of Fascism

Question 13

Origins of Facism

Answer 13

a mix of left-wing (revolution) and right-wing (militarism, nationalism) ideas, grows when people are looking for structural change

Question 14

Joseph Stalin

Answer 14

Leader of Russia 1920s-50s, authoritarian, communist, somewhat popular during his time, propaganda master

Question 15

“Socialism in One Country”

Answer 15

Communist revolution was originally supposed to be a global movement, but Russia, not disagreeing, decided to strengthen socialism within their own country first

Question 16

Collectivization (Ukraine)

Answer 16

farms brought under gov control, created famine and death, Ukraine considers it a genocide

Question 17

Five Year Plan

Answer 17

Stalin’s improvement plan for Russia, included modernizing the economy, creating industry, industrializing, being able to defend itself

Question 18

Gulags and Purges

Answer 18

Gulags were labor camps mostly for political prisoners in an attempt to purge possible enemies from the USSR

Question 19

Weimar Republic

Answer 19

New German gov in the 1920s, democratic, economic problems, multi-party system

Question 20

1933 Reichstag Fire

Answer 20

Fire at the German parliament building in Berlin, purposeful attack, Hitler blamed communists

Question 21

1933 Enabling Act

Answer 21

Hitler got emergency power for 4 years, he has complete control, can override laws, constitution, parliament, etc

Question 22

National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party

Answer 22

Political minority in early 1930s, gained popularity mid 1930s due to Hitler and desire for change, eventually became the only party, responsible for the Holocaust

Question 23

Adolf Hitler

Answer 23

Leader (president and chancellor) of Germany in the 1930s-40s, leader of the Nazi Party, created anti-Semitic laws, concentration camps, responsible for the Holocaust

Question 24

1935 Nuremberg Laws

Answer 24

Anti-Semitic legislation, Jews stripped of civil rights and citizenship, defined as separate race, intermarriage forbidden

Question 25

1938 Anschluss (Austria) and Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia)

Answer 25

invasion/annexation of of Austria and Czechoslovakia in search for lebensraum, German-speaking and culturally similar regions so thought the people wouldn’t mind

Question 26

1938 Kristallnacht

Answer 26

night of the broken glass, riots against Jewish places-synagogues burned, businesses destroyed, homes looted, Jews arrested,

Question 27

Lebensraum

Answer 27

living space, Hitler wanted more space for the German people, who he deemed superior, to live

Question 28

Japan military state

Answer 28

Emperor is in charge of military, military can do what they want, values strong military, nationalism, anti-capitalist and anti-USSR