INTERVENTION: Subdomain 1 - Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology Flashcards
INTERVENTION: Subdomain 1 – Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology
INTERVENTION: Subdomain 1 – Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology
What is evidence-based practice (EBP)?
(Norcross & Wampold, 2011)
* “The integration of best available research with clinical expertise in the context of client
characteristics, culture, and preferences
(Lilienfeld et al., 2013)
* EBP is a broad approach to scientific decision making
What are the 3 principles of EBP (three-legged stool)?
(Lilienfeld et al., 2013)
1. Research-based evidence on a therapy’s efficacy and effectiveness
—Focus of skepticism by many clinicians
—Most crucial
2. Clinical judgement and experience
—Broadly informed by scientific data
3. Client characteristics, preferences, values, and circumstances
Why don’t some clinicians use EBPs?
(Lilienfeld et al., 2013)
1. Naïve realism
* Belief how one perceives the world is an accurate representation of how it really is
* Overconfidence in unguided intuition
* May believe myths and use poorly backed treatments
#2. Application of nomothetic (broad) research to ideographic (individualized) cases
* Flawed method
* Nomothetic –> looking to describe general laws (so what we all share)
* Ideographic –> looking to describe what is unique (so how each case is unique)
* Using moderators in research helpful to fix this
#3. Belief that because it has not been disproven it is true/correct
What are mistaken assumptions about EBPs?
(Lilienfeld et al., 2013)
1. Belief it stifles innovation
2. Requires cookie cutter responses
3. (–) Excludes nonspecific influences
4. All therapies are equally effective in all situations
* “Dodo Bird Verdict”
* phrase stemming from Alice in Wonderland (The Dodo bird says all must have prizes)
* Describes the idea that all therapies are equally efficacious
—-Determined by a meta-analysis by Wampold (1997)
What are the pragmatic concerns about EBP?
(Lilienfeld et al., 2013)
1. Time/effort involved in training
2. Differences between scientific theory/research and realistic practice
* Ivory Tower mentality –> theory and research are removed from the real world of practice and thus are not as effective or applicable
—-BUT, EBPs are an evolving approach to science
How did the process of EBP begin?
(Barlow et al. 2013)
Hans Eysenck (1952) was a behaviorist who wrote an important article criticizing psychoanalysis
* Called it ineffective and methodologically weak
What are recommendations for conducting therapy based on the research?
(Norcross & Wampold, 2011)
- Tailor treatment to unique individual and disorder
- Routinely monitor client’s response to therapy and improve treatment strategy and therapeutic relationship
What are things to avoid doing in therapy?
(Norcross & Wampold, 2011)
- Confrontational style
- Negative processes (attacking client instead of their behavior)
- Assumptions of client’s perceptions of therapeutic relationship and treatment progress
- Overreliance on therapist perception
- Rigidity of treatment
- Forcing clients to meet your expectations instead of looking at their unique needs
What does the research suggest about the importance of therapeutic alliance?
(Norcross & Lambert, 2011)
* Therapeutic relationship: “The relationship is the feelings and attitudes that therapist and client have toward one another, and the manner in which these are expressed.
* Therapeutic relationship super important in psychotherapy
* Accounts for why clients get better as much as system of therapy
* Should monitor relationship
* Can’t explain therapeutic practice without therapeutic relationship
What are barriers to implementing EBPs?
(Barlow et al., 2013)
1. Treatments don’t work well with a minority of population
—Can augment with pharmacotherapy
2. High comorbidity among disorders
—Lack treatments targeting comorbid diagnoses
3. Research = nomothetic (general laws) but therapy requires ideographic (individual/unique) change
4. EBTs are new and are not well marketed yet
SUBDOMAIN 1 CITATIONS
SUBDOMAIN 1 CITATIONS
Lilienfeld et al., 2013
- What kind of approach is EBP?
- What are the 3 principles of EBP?
- Why don’t some clinicians use EBP?
- What are mistaken assumptions about EBPs?
- What are pragmatic concerns about EBP?
Barlow et al., 2013
- How did process of EBP begin?
- What are barriers to implementing EBPs?
Norcross & Wampold, 2011
- What is evidence-based practice?
- What are recommendations for conducting therapy based on the research?
- What are things to avoid doing in therapy?
