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ABRSM Music Theory Grade 5 > Intervals & Chords > Flashcards

Intervals & Chords Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an interval?

A

Distance in pitch between two notes

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2
Q

What is a harmonic interval?

A

When two notes are played together (double stop)

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3
Q

What is a melodic interval?

A

When two notes are played one after the other

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4
Q

Name the interval notes of the major scale

A

Major 2nd, Major 3rd, Perfect 4th, Perfect 5th, Major 6th, Major 7th, Perfect 8ve

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5
Q

Name the interval notes of a harmonic minor scale

A

Major 2nd, Minor 3rd, Perfect 4th, Perfect 5th, Minor 6th, Major 7th, Perfect 8ve
(same descending)

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6
Q

Name the interval notes of a melodic minor scale

A

Major 2nd, Minor 3rd, Perfect 4th, Perfect 5th, Major 6th, Major 7th, Perfect 8ve,
Perfect 8ve, Minor 7th, Minor 6th, Perfect 5th, Perfect 4th, Minor 3rd, Major 2nd

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7
Q

When does a note become augmented?

A

When the upper note of a perfect or major interval is raised a semitone

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8
Q

When does a note become diminished?

A

If the upper note of a perfect or minor interval is lowered a semitone

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9
Q

What happens to an upper note of a minor interval if it is raised a semitone?

A

It becomes a major

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10
Q

What does to an upper note of a major interval if it is lowered a semitone?

A

It becomes a minor

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11
Q

What happens to the bottom note of a perfect or major interval if it is lowered a semitone?

A

It becomes augmented

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12
Q

What happens to the bottom note of a minor interval if it is raised a semitone?

A

It becomes diminished

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13
Q

What happens to the bottom note of a major interval if it is raised a semitone?

A

It becomes minor

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14
Q

What is transposition?

A

Moving notes up or down the same distance

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15
Q

What are compound intervals?

A

Intervals of more than an octave

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16
Q

What is a perfect concord?

A

Perfect 4th, Perfect 5th and 8ve

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17
Q

What is an imperfect concord?

A

Major and minor 3rds and 6ths

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18
Q

What are discords?

A

All 2nds, 7ths and augmented and diminished intervals

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19
Q

What is the tritone?

A

Augmented 4th

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20
Q

What is a tonic triad?

A

Where the keynote of the triad is the tonic note

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21
Q

What is a dominant triad?

A

Where the keynote of the triad is the dominant note

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22
Q

What is another name for the dominant triad?

A

V

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23
Q

Which triads are the primary triads?

A

I, IV, V

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24
Q

What does a major triad consist of?

A

Major 3rd and perfect 5th

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25
Q

What does a minor triad consist of?

A

Minor 3rd and perfect 5th

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26
Q

What does a diminished triad consist of?

A

Minor 3rd and diminished 5th

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27
Q

What does an augmented triad consist of?

A

Major 3rd and augmented 5th

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28
Q

What is a first inversion triad?

A

When the 3rd note is at the bottom i.e. 3rd interval from root

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29
Q

What is a second inversion triad?

A

When the 5th note is at the bottom i.e. 5th interval from root

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30
Q

Which small letter indicates root position for a triad?

A

a

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31
Q

Which small letter indicates first inversion in a triad?

A

b

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32
Q

Which small letter indicates second inversion in a triad?

A

c

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33
Q

How many half steps make up a major 2nd?

A

2

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34
Q

How many half steps make up a major 3rd?

A

4

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35
Q

How many half steps make up a perfect 4th?

A

5

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36
Q

How many half steps make up a perfect 5th?

A

7

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37
Q

How many half steps make up a major 6th?

A

9

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38
Q

How many half steps make up a major 7th?

A

11

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39
Q

How many half steps make up a perfect 8th?

A

12

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40
Q

Difference between major and minor interval

A

Minor interval has one less half-step than major

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41
Q

How many half steps makes an augmented interval?

A

One more half step than perfect interval or

one half step added to major interval

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42
Q

How many half steps make a diminished interval?

A

One less half step than perfect interval or

One half step subtracted from minor interval

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43
Q

Which small letter refers to the third inversion?

A

d

44
Q

What is major seventh chord made of?

A

Major triad & major seventh

45
Q

What is a dominant seventh chord made of?

A

Major triad + minor seventh

46
Q

What is a minor seventh chord made of?

A

Minor triad + minor seventh

47
Q

What is a half-diminished seventh chord made of?

A

Diminished triad + minor seventh

48
Q

What is a fully diminished seventh chord made of?

A

Diminished triad + diminished seventh

49
Q

What is the root note?

A

The note which reflects what the chord is called

50
Q

What is an alberti bass chord?

A

Music on lower stave is an elaboration

51
Q

What is an arpeggio chord?

A

Chord arranged in ascending or descending order

52
Q

What is anacrusis?

A

Weak beat opening of a phrase

53
Q

What is cadence?

A

End of a phrase - point of relaxation

54
Q

Which cadences end on a tonic chord?

A 
Perfect cadence (full chord)
Plagal cadence
55
Q

Which cadences are used at intermediate points?

A 
Imperfect cadence (half close)
Interrupted cadence
56
Q

What forms the perfect cadence?

A

Progression from dominant to tonic chord at phrase ending

57
Q

What is the plagal cadence?

A

Subdominant followed by tonic chord

58
Q

What is an imperfect cadence?

A

Ending on dominant chord

59
Q

What is an interrupted cadence?

A

Dominant chord followed by any chord except the tonic

60
Q

What is a feminine ending?

A

When second chord is less accented than first

61
Q

What is a fermata?

A

Half circle with dot beneath which indicates a pause

62
Q

What is tenuto?

A

Short - above or below a note indicating note to be held for its full value

63
Q

What is arpeggiation?

A

Where the notes of a chord are played one after the other in quick succession

64
Q

What is the turn symbol?

A

S sideways

65
Q

What does turn mean?

A

Ornament starts above written note, then to the written note, then below written note and back to written note,

66
Q

What is the name of *?

A

Appoggiaturas

67
Q

What does * mean?

A

Leaning

68
Q

What does / mean?

A

Repetition of previous chord or notes

69
Q

What does bis mean?

A

Repetition of a short passage

70
Q

What is D.C. translated into?

A

Da Capo

71
Q

What does D.C. mean?

A

From the beginning

72
Q

What is D.S?

A

Dal Segno - from the sign

73
Q

Which instruments use the treble clef?

A

Violin
Flute
Oboe

74
Q

Which instruments use the bass clef?

A

Bassoon
Cello
Trombone
Tuba

75
Q

Which instrument uses the alto clef?

A

Viola

76
Q

Which instruments transpose?

A

Double Bass
Clarinet
Trumpet
Horn

77
Q

What does the double bass transpose to?

A

Octave-down, bass clef

78
Q

What does the clarinet transpose to?

A

B flat, treble clef

79
Q

What does trumpet transpose to?

A

Bflat, treble clef

80
Q

What doers horn transpose to?

A

F, treble clef

81
Q

What is concert pitch?

A

The real note being played according to the piano

82
Q

What note do clarinets and trumpets tune up to?

A

B (A for everyone else)

83
Q

What note do horn players tune up to?

A

E (A for everyone else)

84
Q

Which instrument is single-reed?

A

Clarinet

85
Q

Which instruments are double reed?

A

Oboe

Bassoon

86
Q

Name order of voices from highest to lowest

A 
Soprano
Mezzo-soprano
Alto
Tenor
Barritone
Bass
87
Q

What is an anacrusis?

A

An upbeat - a note that comes before the first bar line

88
Q

Which notes should be altered when writing a chromatic scale?

A

First, fourth and fifth

89
Q

Difference between acciaccatura and appoggiatura in terms of image?

A

acciaccatura - note of line across it

appoggiatura - note with no line across it

90
Q

What does a turn involve?

A

Involves playing notes either side of the given note, beginning with the note above
that which is written.

91
Q

What does upper mordent involve?

A

Alternates once, a note higher than the given note and then back again

92
Q

What does lower mordent involve?

A

Alternates once, a note lower than the given note and then back again

93
Q

What does acciaccatura involve?

A

Squeezes in a note above the written note but without altering the time
value of the given note - it takes value from the previous note.

94
Q

What does appoggiatura involve?

A

Add in a note above the written note, but share the time value equally
with the given note.

95
Q

Name the woodwind family

A

Flute
Oboe
Clarinet
Bassoon

96
Q

What clef does the bassoon use

A

Bass

97
Q

Name instruments in the brass family

A 
Cornet
Trumpet
Horn
Trombone
Tuba
98
Q

What clef does the cornet use

A

Treble

99
Q

What clef does the trombone use

A

Bass

100
Q

What clef does the tuba use

A

Bass

101
Q

Name the percussion instruments

A

Glockenspiel
Xylophone
Tubular bells
Timpani

102
Q

What clef does the glockenspiel use

A

Treble

103
Q

What clef does the xylophone use

A

Treble

104
Q

What clef does the tubular bell use

A

Treble

105
Q

What clef does the timpani use

A

Bass

106
Q

What is an auxillary note?

A

Note that follows harmony note either a step above or below before returning back to the same harmony note

ABRSM Music Theory Grade 5 (7 decks)

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