Intervals & Chords Flashcards
What is an interval?
Distance in pitch between two notes
What is a harmonic interval?
When two notes are played together (double stop)
What is a melodic interval?
When two notes are played one after the other
Name the interval notes of the major scale
Major 2nd, Major 3rd, Perfect 4th, Perfect 5th, Major 6th, Major 7th, Perfect 8ve
Name the interval notes of a harmonic minor scale
Major 2nd, Minor 3rd, Perfect 4th, Perfect 5th, Minor 6th, Major 7th, Perfect 8ve
(same descending)
Name the interval notes of a melodic minor scale
Major 2nd, Minor 3rd, Perfect 4th, Perfect 5th, Major 6th, Major 7th, Perfect 8ve,
Perfect 8ve, Minor 7th, Minor 6th, Perfect 5th, Perfect 4th, Minor 3rd, Major 2nd
When does a note become augmented?
When the upper note of a perfect or major interval is raised a semitone
When does a note become diminished?
If the upper note of a perfect or minor interval is lowered a semitone
What happens to an upper note of a minor interval if it is raised a semitone?
It becomes a major
What does to an upper note of a major interval if it is lowered a semitone?
It becomes a minor
What happens to the bottom note of a perfect or major interval if it is lowered a semitone?
It becomes augmented
What happens to the bottom note of a minor interval if it is raised a semitone?
It becomes diminished
What happens to the bottom note of a major interval if it is raised a semitone?
It becomes minor
What is transposition?
Moving notes up or down the same distance
What are compound intervals?
Intervals of more than an octave
What is a perfect concord?
Perfect 4th, Perfect 5th and 8ve
What is an imperfect concord?
Major and minor 3rds and 6ths
What are discords?
All 2nds, 7ths and augmented and diminished intervals
What is the tritone?
Augmented 4th
What is a tonic triad?
Where the keynote of the triad is the tonic note
What is a dominant triad?
Where the keynote of the triad is the dominant note
What is another name for the dominant triad?
V
Which triads are the primary triads?
I, IV, V
What does a major triad consist of?
Major 3rd and perfect 5th
What does a minor triad consist of?
Minor 3rd and perfect 5th
What does a diminished triad consist of?
Minor 3rd and diminished 5th
What does an augmented triad consist of?
Major 3rd and augmented 5th
What is a first inversion triad?
When the 3rd note is at the bottom i.e. 3rd interval from root
What is a second inversion triad?
When the 5th note is at the bottom i.e. 5th interval from root
Which small letter indicates root position for a triad?
a
Which small letter indicates first inversion in a triad?
b
Which small letter indicates second inversion in a triad?
c
How many half steps make up a major 2nd?
2
How many half steps make up a major 3rd?
4
How many half steps make up a perfect 4th?
5
How many half steps make up a perfect 5th?
7
How many half steps make up a major 6th?
9
How many half steps make up a major 7th?
11
How many half steps make up a perfect 8th?
12
Difference between major and minor interval
Minor interval has one less half-step than major
How many half steps makes an augmented interval?
One more half step than perfect interval or
one half step added to major interval
How many half steps make a diminished interval?
One less half step than perfect interval or
One half step subtracted from minor interval
Which small letter refers to the third inversion?
d
What is major seventh chord made of?
Major triad & major seventh
What is a dominant seventh chord made of?
Major triad + minor seventh
What is a minor seventh chord made of?
Minor triad + minor seventh
What is a half-diminished seventh chord made of?
Diminished triad + minor seventh
What is a fully diminished seventh chord made of?
Diminished triad + diminished seventh
What is the root note?
The note which reflects what the chord is called
What is an alberti bass chord?
Music on lower stave is an elaboration
What is an arpeggio chord?
Chord arranged in ascending or descending order
What is anacrusis?
Weak beat opening of a phrase
What is cadence?
End of a phrase - point of relaxation
Which cadences end on a tonic chord?
Perfect cadence (full chord) Plagal cadence
Which cadences are used at intermediate points?
Imperfect cadence (half close) Interrupted cadence
What forms the perfect cadence?
Progression from dominant to tonic chord at phrase ending
What is the plagal cadence?
Subdominant followed by tonic chord
What is an imperfect cadence?
Ending on dominant chord
What is an interrupted cadence?
Dominant chord followed by any chord except the tonic
What is a feminine ending?
When second chord is less accented than first
What is a fermata?
Half circle with dot beneath which indicates a pause
What is tenuto?
Short - above or below a note indicating note to be held for its full value
What is arpeggiation?
Where the notes of a chord are played one after the other in quick succession
What is the turn symbol?
S sideways
What does turn mean?
Ornament starts above written note, then to the written note, then below written note and back to written note,
What is the name of *?
Appoggiaturas
What does * mean?
Leaning
What does / mean?
Repetition of previous chord or notes
What does bis mean?
Repetition of a short passage
What is D.C. translated into?
Da Capo
What does D.C. mean?
From the beginning
What is D.S?
Dal Segno - from the sign
Which instruments use the treble clef?
Violin
Flute
Oboe
Which instruments use the bass clef?
Bassoon
Cello
Trombone
Tuba
Which instrument uses the alto clef?
Viola
Which instruments transpose?
Double Bass
Clarinet
Trumpet
Horn
What does the double bass transpose to?
Octave-down, bass clef
What does the clarinet transpose to?
B flat, treble clef
What does trumpet transpose to?
Bflat, treble clef
What doers horn transpose to?
F, treble clef
What is concert pitch?
The real note being played according to the piano
What note do clarinets and trumpets tune up to?
B (A for everyone else)
What note do horn players tune up to?
E (A for everyone else)
Which instrument is single-reed?
Clarinet
Which instruments are double reed?
Oboe
Bassoon
Name order of voices from highest to lowest
Soprano Mezzo-soprano Alto Tenor Barritone Bass
What is an anacrusis?
An upbeat - a note that comes before the first bar line
Which notes should be altered when writing a chromatic scale?
First, fourth and fifth
Difference between acciaccatura and appoggiatura in terms of image?
acciaccatura - note of line across it
appoggiatura - note with no line across it
What does a turn involve?
Involves playing notes either side of the given note, beginning with the note above
that which is written.
What does upper mordent involve?
Alternates once, a note higher than the given note and then back again
What does lower mordent involve?
Alternates once, a note lower than the given note and then back again
What does acciaccatura involve?
Squeezes in a note above the written note but without altering the time
value of the given note - it takes value from the previous note.
What does appoggiatura involve?
Add in a note above the written note, but share the time value equally
with the given note.
Name the woodwind family
Flute
Oboe
Clarinet
Bassoon
What clef does the bassoon use
Bass
Name instruments in the brass family
Cornet Trumpet Horn Trombone Tuba
What clef does the cornet use
Treble
What clef does the trombone use
Bass
What clef does the tuba use
Bass
Name the percussion instruments
Glockenspiel
Xylophone
Tubular bells
Timpani
What clef does the glockenspiel use
Treble
What clef does the xylophone use
Treble
What clef does the tubular bell use
Treble
What clef does the timpani use
Bass
What is an auxillary note?
Note that follows harmony note either a step above or below before returning back to the same harmony note
