Interstitial Lung Disease (PATHOLOGY) Flashcards
What is the early stage of interstitial lung disease?
Alveolitis
What is the late stage of interstitial lung disease characterised by?
Fibrosis
What exemplifies acute ILD?
Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
What causes the clinical features of ILD?
Respiratory and cardiac failure leading to hypoxia
What are the environmental causes of ILD and what do they lead to?
Mineral/drugs/radiation/post-ARDS
Lead to hypersensitivity
Idiopathic ILD causes …?
Connective tissue disease
Fibrosing Alveolitis
What are to two methods for taking a biopsy in ILD?
Transbronchial biopsy
Thoracoscopic biopsy
What are the main chronic ILDs?
Fibrosing alveoli's Sarcoidosis Extrinsic allergic alveoli's Pneumoconiosis Connective tissue diseases
What characterises fibrosing alveolitis?
Progressive interstitial fibrosis of unknown cause
Patient with finger clubbing, dyspnoea and pulmonary fibrosis probably has…
Fibrosing alveolitis
What is extrinsic allergic alveolitis?
Chronic inflammatory disease of the small always and interstitum with occasional granulomas and a type III/IV hypersensitivity allergic origin
What are the causes of EAA?
Thermophilic bacteria - Farmer’s lung
Avian proteins - Bird fanciers lung
Fungi - Malt worker’s lung
How can EAA be diagnosed?
Detectable antibodies in serum
Biopsy for unusual cases
What is sarcoidosis?
Multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown cause with common pulmonary involvement
How is sarcoidosis usually treated?
Most cases are mild and self-limiting
What are commonly affected tissues of sarcoidosis besides the lungs?
Uveitis
Erythema nodosum
Lymphadenopathy
Hypercalcaemia
What is caused by connective tissue disease in the lungs?
Interstital fibrosis (milder than fibrosing alveolitis, doesn’t progress as rapidly)
Pleural effusions
Rheumatoid nodules
What is pneumoconiosis?
Lung disease caused by mineral dust exposure
Which conditions are examples of pneumoconiosis?
Asbestosis
Coal worker’s lung
Silicosis
The disease of pneumoconiosis depends on which 4 factors?
Particle size
Reactivity of particle
Clearance of particle
Host response
Asbestos causes…
Parietal pleural plaques
Interstitial fibrosis (asbestosis)
Bronchial carcinoma
Mesothelioma
What are the two different types of asbestos fibres?
Serpentine (curved)
Straight (amphibole)
Are serpentine or straight asbestos fibres more dangerous? Why
Straight
Serpentine are usually caught in upper airways and coughed out
