Immunology I - Vaccination

Question 1

What is vaccination?

Answer 1

Vaccination is the deliberate administration of antigenic material to produce immunity to a disease

Question 2

When are long-lived memory T and B cells produced?

Answer 2

In the primary adaptive immune response

Question 3

Memory T and C cells remain in a ______ phase until reactivation due to ….

Answer 3

dormant

exposure to the same antigen

Question 4

The second antibody response is mediated by _____________

Answer 4

long-lived plasma cells

Question 5

Where are long-lived plasma cells located?

Answer 5

Bone marrow

Question 6

Long-lived plasma cells continuously secrete _________

Answer 6

antigen-specific IgG antibodies

Question 7

Memory T and B cells make a more effective immune response because

Answer 7

• Memory cells are present in greater number than original parent lymphocyte
• Memory CD8+ T cells can kill immediately because there is no requirement for help from TH-cells
• Memory CD4+ T cells are able to produce cytokines immediately without co-stimualtion
• Memory B cells produce high affinity antibodies because they have already undergone Ig class switching and hypermutation
• Memory cells have enhanced properties of cell adhesion chemotaxis

Question 8

What is immunisation?

Answer 8

The process through which an individual develops immunity/memory to a disease (including deliberate and natural infection)

Question 9

What is active immunity?

Answer 9

Protection from own immune system (usually permanent)

Question 10

What is passive immunity?

Answer 10

Immunity transferred from a person or animal (temporary)

Question 11

How can immunological memory be generated?

Answer 11

Variolation
Exposure to less virulent pathogen
Exposure to inactivated pathogen