Interstitial lung disease Flashcards
What is interstitial lung disease?
Any disease affecting the lung interstitium- the latter parts of the bronchial tree such as terminal bronchi and alveoli
Interstitial lung disease will ______ gas transfer in the lungs
Impair
Interstitial lung disease is a form of ____ lung disease
Restrictive
What is another name for interstitial lung disease?
Diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD)
What are the three types of interstitial lung disease?
- Acute
- Episodic
- Chronic
What may be the cause for chronic interstitial lung disease?
- Systemic disease
- Long term allergen/ inflammatory agent exposure
- Idiopathic
What is sarcoidosis?
A condition caused by hypersensitivity type IV reaction
It is a granulomatous disease involving non-caseating granuloma
Which interstitial lung condition is less common in smokers?
Sarcoidosis
What are the two types of sarcoidosis ?
- Acute
2. Chronic
Acute sarcoidosis may have signs and symptoms including what?
- Erythema nodosum- inflammation of fat cells under the skin giving a red blotchy appearance
- Bilaternal hilar lymphadenopathy- enlargement of lymph nodes around the hila
- Arthritis
- Fever
Chronic sarcoidosis may have signs and symptoms including?
- Lung infiltrates- alveolitis
- Skin infiltrates- oedema
- Peripheral lymphadenopathy
- Hypercalcaemia- high calcium level in the blood serum
How can sarcoidosis be diagnosed?
- CXR
- CT scans- can show peripheral nodular infiltrate
- Tissue biopsies conform presence of non-caseating granulomatous tissue
- Pulmonary function testing will show a restrictive pattern since there are lung infiltrates
- Blood tests can show raised calcium and inflammatory cell levels
Differential diagnosis for sarcoidosis may include what?
- TB
- Lymphoma
- Carcinoma
- Fungal infection
How is sarcoidosis treated?
Usually acute sarcoidosis does not need treated by it if it affects a major organ steroids can be used
Oral steroids and immunosuppression can be used to treat chronic sarcoidosis
