Interrogation and Torture Flashcards
Todd Johnson Bluff tactic
confessed to wife’s murder after 19hour interrogation, relied on DNA evidence
Madrid bombings (2004)
Terrorist train bombing a killed 191 people
- latent finger print matched to Brandon mayfield but it was Ouhane Daoud
Polygraph among Israeli police: (Eladd et al., 1994)
Considered deceptive among Israeli police when evidence inconclusive
Forensic confirmation bias
Influenced by psychological factors and contextual influences e.g. Directional, tunnel vision, motivation and confessions
Kassin et al (2013)
Judgements of fingerprints not quantitatively precise- no 2 identical
Contextual information on fingerprint decision (Dror et al 2006)
Only 1/5 experts could match already-matched fingerprints
Kassin et al (2003): guilt bias study
Mock crime (stole $100) or innocent. Presumptions of guilt affected type of questions, behaviour by observers. Interviewer judged 42% guilty compared to 19% innocent.
Accusatorial interrogation technique
Manipulative relationship, closed-ended questions, obtain a confession and anxiety-based cues
Information-gathering interrogation technique
Establish rapport, open-ended, obtain info and cognitive cues e.g. Recount in different order
PEACE Model
Preparation and planning, engage and explain, account, closure, evaluation
Positives about PEACE model
No attempt to detect deception, ties person to story, no coercive tactics and not focuses on confessions
Criticisms of PEACE model
Clarke and Milne (2001) 2/3rds police trained in PEACE but no differences;
Bill & Sokura (2009) 50% attempt to elicit contradictions
Who said: Vulnerable suspects = intellectual difficulties more likely to believe question would be retracted, treated leniently by CJS, less aware of consequences and could go home
Clare and Gudjonsson
Confession of 74 offenders in Iceland (Gudjonsson and Peterson (1991)
Confessed due to internal, external pressure and proof
3 types of confession (GUDJONSSON)
Voluntary, Coerced-compliant, coerced internalised
