Child Witnesses and Expert Testimony Flashcards
Hot air balloon ride study (Wade we al, 2002) found that what % believed it was plausible?
50%
False memory recipe
Make potential event plausible; create belief that event happened; embellish belief with sensory detail; repeatedly think about and imagine event; use of specific props e.g. Digitally altered photos
Loftus et al (1978)
Stop/ yield sign led to blended memory
Supplementation hypothesis was suggested by:
McCloskey (1985)
Coexistence hypothesis states that
Original memory coexists with misleading info (competition at time of retrieval)
Loftus and Palmer study year:
1974
Fuzzy trace theory
Imprecise memory, gist of event
Goodman et al (1990) on age
Children aged 4 more suggestible than 7 year olds
Principe and Ceci (2005): classmate group observed
Exposure can increase false reports
Little Rascals daycare outcome
Bob Kelly given 12 life sentences + others charged. Released after 6 years
McMartin preschool case outcome (1983-1990)
No convictions
Special measures for vulnerable witnesses
Screening from dependent, evidence over video link, protecting against cross-examination, removal of gowns and wigs in court
Efforts for best evidence
Video recorded evidence as evidence-in-chief, intermediary, props
How does best evidence help?
(Westera, 2013): less forgetting, relax, improve memory, increase trace strength
Criticism of video evidence as evidence in-chief (Wade, 2002)
May reduce credibility and persuasiveness, don’t know where to look
