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MBBS3-Internal Med > Interpreting FBC > Flashcards

Interpreting FBC Flashcards

1
Q

what are pre-analytical issues

A

-was adequate volume of blood collected
-is sample from correct patient and adequately labeled
-were sensible clinical details given on the request form
-did the blood arrive at lab in good time
-did sample get booked into computer system and was a unique lab number allocated
-did blood get checked for clots

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2
Q

Hb for men is what

A

13.5-17.5 g/dL

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3
Q

Hb for women is what

A

11.5-15.5 g/dL

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4
Q

whats the normal MCV

A

80-95fl

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5
Q

whats the normal WCC

A

4-11x10^9/L

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6
Q

whats the normal platelet count

A

150-400 x10^9/L

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7
Q

how can WCC present like

A

leucopenia- low WBCs
leucocytosis- high WBCs
leukemia- high or low WBC

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8
Q

how can RBCs present like

A

anemia- low RBC
polycythemia- high RBCs

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9
Q

what are the 2 types of polycythemia and what can cause them

A

false- caused by dehydration
true- caused by hypoxia ( high altitude, cyanosis, COPD)

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10
Q

what can cause autonomous production of RBC

A

polycythemia rubra vera a myeloproliferative disorder

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11
Q

how can platelets present

A

thrombocytopenia- low platelets
thrombocytosis- high platelets
thrombocythemia- high platelets not caused by another health condition/disease ( >800)

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12
Q

when blood cells increase which line is it

A

normally a single line

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13
Q

what are the types of anemia and their MCV

A

microcystic- MCV<80fl
normocytic- MCV 80-95fl
macrocytic- MCV>95fl

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14
Q

what causes microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency
thalassemia
lead poisoning
sideroblastic anemia

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15
Q

what causes normocytic anemia

A

hemolytic anemias
anemia of chronic disease or inflammation
after acute blood loss
renal disease, bone marrow failure, post chemotherapy

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16
Q

what causes macrocytic anemia- megaloblastic

A

vitamin B12 deficiency
folate deficiency

17
Q

what causes macrocytic anemia- non-megaloblastic

A

alcohol
liver disease
myelodysplasia
aplastic anemia
hyper/hypo thyroidism
hemorrhage

18
Q

what is the red cell distribution (RDW)

A

its an indication of dimorphic red cell population eg mixed hematinic deficiency

19
Q

what happens to the RDW in microcytic anemia

A

iron deficiency is associated with increased RDW whereas thalassemia isnt

20
Q

what happens to the RDW in macrocytic anemia

A

B12/folate deficiency is associated with increased RDW but other causes arent associated

21
Q

what so you do when WBC are increased

A

look at the differential count to determine the specific line

22
Q

what causes neutrophils to increase

A

bacterial infection
inflammation and necrosis
metabolic disorders-uremia, eclampsia, gout
corticosteroid therapy
myeloproliferative disease, chronic myeloid leukemia
treatment with myeloid growth factors eg. G-CSF
fever-cytokine release

23
Q

what are the types of neutropenia

A

normal- 1.5
mild to moderate- >0.5-1.5
severe- <0.5

24
Q

what can cause neutropenia

A

high risk infections of the mouth, throat, anus and skin
commensals and gram neg organisms

25
Q

what medication can you give when a patient is neutropenic

A

prophylactic antibiotics- ciprofloxacin, augmentin, anti-fungals (amphotericin B), anti viral agents
granulocyte colony stimulating factor (neupogen)

26
Q

whats reactive thrombocytosis

A

its when platelets increase in response to something for e.g. a bleed

27
Q

thrombocythemia is a risk for what

A

blood clots
strokes

28
Q

thrombocytopenia is a risk for what

A

bleeding

29
Q

what are thresholds for thrombocytopenia

A

mild- 100-149
moderate- 20-99
severe- 10-20
very severe- <10

30
Q

thrombocytopenia determines what

A

surgical procedures

31
Q

thrombocytopenia is characterised by what

A

purpura
mucosal hemorrhage
prolonged bleeding after trauma

32
Q

what are causes of thrombocytopenia

A
  1. Failure of platelet production
    -drugs, chemicals, viral infections
    -radiotherapy and chemo
    -aplastic anemia
    -HIV infection
    -marrow infiltration, leukemia
  2. Increased consumption of platelets
    -autoimmune e.g. idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
    -drug induced e.g. heparin
    -DIC
    - thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
  3. Abnormal distribution of platelets
    -splenomegaly
33
Q

Indications for platelet transfusion

A

-thrombocytopenia with bleeding or invasive procedures
-thrombocytopenia <10

34
Q

platelet transfusion is contraindicated where

A

autoimmune thrombocytopenia e.g ITP, TTP,
heparin induced thrombocytopenia
hemolytic uremic syndrome

(dont give platelets in cases of platelet concumption)

35
Q

what improves iron absorption

A

vitamin C

36
Q

what decreases iron absorption

A

phytate (phytic acid)

37
Q

whats the lifespan of platelets

A

7 days

38
Q

how much platelets do you give

A

1unit per 10kgs

MBBS3-Internal Med (3 decks)

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