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ICM Week 2 > Interpretation of Imaging Studies > Flashcards

Interpretation of Imaging Studies Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of RADIOPAQUE

A

-not allowing the passage of x-rays (more white, metal)

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2
Q

Definition of RADIOLUCENT

A

-allow passage of x-rays (more black, air)

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3
Q

X-RAY (plain films)

  • how it works
  • advantages/disadvantages
  • indications
  • CI
  • Contrast yes/no?
  • degree of radiation exposure
  • Used to diagnose______.
A

how work:

  • photons, shorter the wavelength=greater energy
  • source, detector, camera

Advantages: see bones
Disadvantages: exposure to radiation

CI:??

Contrast: generally no, but special circumstance

Radiation: chest: 10mRem Abd: 70mRem

-Used to diagnose CXR, KUB, skeletal films, dental films, plain abd films

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4
Q

Attenuation Def

A

x-ray radiation is absorbed and attenuated (weakened) as it passes through diff tissues.

  • greater the density of tissue= greater absorption of xray»>less clear image (less energy gets to film to produce picture)
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5
Q

Factors affecting image quality of XRAY

A

motion, thickness of body part, scatter, magnification, distortion ( image not lined up with film)

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6
Q

Heart Looks larger on PA or AP?

A

AP

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7
Q

Which produces better films, AP or PA?

A

PA!!!!!!

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8
Q

FLOUROSCOPY

  • how it works
  • advantages/disadvantages
  • CI
  • Contrast yes/no?
  • degree of radiation exposure
  • Used to diagnose______.
  • examples of use
A

Works: real time/moving XRAY, image recorded and played back

Advantage: live images, can be played back, allows you to see its functionality

Disadvantage: need for barium in body

CI- barium may be aspirated into lungs causing pneuomonitis,

Contrast: yes; barium

radiation: yes

Used to diagnose: cancers of head, tumors, hiatal hernia, structural problems, muscle disorders, strictures, GERD

Used for: GI barium swallow studies, draning abcesses, angiography

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9
Q

UPPER GI SERIES & UGI w/ BOWEL FOLLOW THROUGH

  • how it works
  • advantages/disadvantages
  • CI
  • Contrast yes/no?
  • degree of radiation exposure
  • Used to diagnose______.
A

Works: x-ray examination of esophogus, stomach, and duodenum
-multiple xrays taken to see how well contrast moves throughout the upper GI.

Advantage: follow contrast w/ limited radiation exposure
Disadvantage: some radiation exposure, requires contrast

Contrast: yes

Radiation: 600mREM

Used to diagnose:
-ulcers, GERD, inflamm, tumor, polyp, diverticula, dysphagia, motility disorders, strictures

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10
Q

CT/CAT SCAN

  • how it works
  • advantages/disadvantages
  • indications
  • CI
  • Contrast yes/no?
  • degree of radiation exposure
  • Used to diagnose______.
A

work: computer assisted tomography, uses xrays to create cross-sectional pictures of the body
* Smaller distance between slices= better detail though significant amount of more radiation

Advantage:

  • useful for eval of soft tissue and bone
  • xray generates 3D image
  • cheaper than MRI
  • can image any body part
  • can perform CT angiography

Disadvantages: more radiation than one x-ray

CI: iodinated (IV)(renal failure) and barium contrast (oral)(allergy)

Contrast: yes (2 types)

Degree of radiation: Chest: 700mRem

Used to diagnose: soft tissue/bone/organs

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11
Q

MRI

  • how it works
  • advantages/disadvantages
  • CI
  • Contrast yes/no?
  • degree of radiation exposure
  • Used to diagnose______.
A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Works; magnetic field using pulses of radio-wave energy to make pictures of organs and structures

advantage: no radiation, BEST for soft tissue, contrast is not iodine based- well tolerated

Disadvantage: -contrast may cause worsening renal failure, cannot have recent metal in body
-side effects of contrast (warm and pee pants)

CI: renal issues; wouldnt be able to take contrast

Contrast: yes, may be used.

Radiation: none

Used to diagnose: soft tissue; brain, spinal cord, muscles, tendons, ligaments

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12
Q

ULTRASOUND

  • how it works
  • advantages/disadvantages
  • Contrast yes/no?
  • degree of radiation exposure
  • Used to diagnose______.
A

Works: transducer converts electrical energy into a brief pulse of high frequency sound energy that is transmitted into patient tissues. Transducer then becomes receiver that detects sound echos reflected from tissues.

Advantages:

  • Image virtually any part of the body.
  • no radiation
  • noninvasive
  • contrast can be used in special circumstances (cardiac)

Disadvantages:
-technology limited by fat and air

Radiation exposure: none

Used to diagnose: cancer, cyst, gall stone, babies, cardiac, etc.

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13
Q

Hyperechoic

A

White spots (bone and dense tissue). Increased amplitude of ultrasound waves returned.

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14
Q

Hypoechoic

A

Dark spots (air, fluid, less dense tissue). Decreased amplitude of ultrasound waves returned.

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15
Q

DOPPLAR ULTRASOUND

  • how it works
  • examples of use
A

works: uses reflected sound waves to evaluate blood as it flows through blood vessel

Helpful for determining clots, plaque, stenosis

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16
Q

NUCLEAR IMAGING

  • how it works
  • used for
  • radiation
A

Work: uses isotope in body, isotope emits gamma rays to camera and produces image

Radiation: study dependent
Cardiac: 4070mRem
Bone Scan: 630mRem

Used for: bone scan,PET scan, MUGA, myocardial perfusion scan,

17
Q

PET SCAN

  • how it works
  • advantages/disadvantage
  • Contrast yes/no?
  • degree of radiation exposure
  • Used to diagnose______.
A

Positron Emission Tomography

Work: isotope goes to areas that are metabolically active,
produces 3d image of functional processes.

Advantages: able to evaluate cancer or remission of cancer

Disadvantages:$$$

Contrast: no

Radiation: variable

Used to diagnose:
-cancer

18
Q

ANGIOGRAPHY

  • how it works
  • advantages/disadvantages
  • CI
  • Contrast yes/no?
  • degree of radiation exposure
  • Used to diagnose______.
A

Works: obtained using flouroscopy

Advantages: can be obtained via CT, MRI, and flouroscopy

Disadvantage:Invasive

CI:risk of thrombosis, dissection, bleeding, sedated, contrast allergy/ life threatening rxn, renal failure

Contrast: IV contrast

Radiation: involved in all except MRI angio

Used to diagnose: imaging blood vessels

19
Q

Tissue Densities XRAY

A

White–>Black

metal, bone, blood, liver(middle of spectrum), lung, fat, air

20
Q

T1/T2 Weighted image Color Scales

A

T1
CSF calcium grey matter, white matter, fat;bone marrow; melanin
——————————————–
bone;fat, white matter, grey matter, csf, brain edema;water
T2

Black—> White
* Grey matter is same for both
view slide 51

  • CSF darker on T1
  • White matter darker on T2
  • Fat is darker on T2
21
Q

What does the white tissue look like in a Scan of skull/brain

MRI
CT

A

MRI- thin fat

CT- thick bone

ICM Week 2 (8 decks)

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