Interpersonal Processes

Question 1

Social Influence

Answer 1

any change in person’s thoughts, feelings or behaviour that has origin in another person or group / influence of people on people

Question 2

Audience effects (mere exposure)

Answer 2

• arousal from having others around can lead to:

Social facilitation = improvement in performance, do better on well learned or simple tasks

Social inhibition = deterioration in performance in presence of others, do worse on poorly learned or difficult/complex tasks)

Question 3

Social Loafing

Answer 3

reduction in individual effort when working in group

Question 4

Compliance, principles and tactics

Answer 4

superficial, public, transitory change in surface behaviours and expressed attitudes, response to request and coercion by others

Six principles underlying compliance = liking, authority, reciprocation, commitment + consistency, social proof and scarcity

Tactics for compliance

• foot in the door = small then big request
• low balling = reasonable request then hidden cost
• door in face = huge request first then a small one

Question 5

Obedience

Answer 5

when we obey authority and change behaviour

agentic state = unquestioning obedience, person giving responsibility to person giving orders

Milgram = 65% obeyed until end, reveals the power of situation

Question 6

Conformity

Answer 6

tendency for actions and opinions to converge towards group norms

• informational influence = other know better, we are not sure
• normative influence = bc we wanna be accepted, group has power to punish/reward
• Autokentic effect = asked question, answers became more and more similar
• Asch = line length study → power of situation, conformity

Question 7

Group decision-making

Answer 7

better decisions = pooled knowledge, diverse perspective, less bias (bigger and more diverse = better)

Question 8

Groupthink/group polarisation

Answer 8

like minded group → strengthen pre-existing attitudes

Question 9

Instinct and evolution and biological explanations of aggression

Answer 9

► Instinct and evolution
- basic human instinct, activated by frustration and anger, evolutionary adaptive (survival and reproductive value)
► Biological
- highly heritable, damage/delayed development of brain, hormonal (testosterone)

Question 10

Cognitive Neuroassociation Theory

Answer 10

aversive situations → negative affect + arousal → aggression (e.g. aversive situations = frustration, hot, hostility)

• Environmental cues
• ## Social learning / modelling
• Norms & roles

Question 11

Frustration-Aggression hypothesis

Answer 11

failure → frustration → aggression (when source of frustration cannot be challenged → displacement of aggression to other target)

Question 12

Deindividuation

Answer 12

in crowd, more aggressive + impulsive, anonymity

Question 13

The bystander effect

Answer 13

diffusion of responsibility, more people around, less likely to help

Question 14

Prosocial Behaviour and

Alturism

Answer 14

1. act to benefit another person, regardless of motive
2. desire to help, no apparent reward
   influences = empathy, modelling, instruction and time