Internment and the Constitution

Question 1

Newspaper headlines + resentment towards Japanese people

Roosevelts Reaction:

Answer 1

Executive Order 9066
Response to Americans fears by signing
authorized military to exclude any person from any area of the country
100 thousand Japanese Americans ordered to leave their homes

Question 2

Exclusion Zones

Answer 2

Areas where the military could restrict citizens movements
Largest exclusion zone located on West coast
located in parts of WA OR CA AZ
More than 100,000 Japanese Americans, mostly children, were excluded

Question 3

American citizen
Refused to comply with internment orders
convicted of violating military orders and taken to an internment camp
Appealed his case to Supreme Court

Answer 3

Fred Korematsu (1919-2005)

Question 4

Korematsu’s Argument

Answer 4

—No due process
(5th amendment says free trial) No jury or judge had convicted him of crime
-No evidence

—-Racial discrimination
No threat of Japanese invasion existed (And 14th amendment guarantees equal protection)
Military leaders displayed racist motivation

Response -

Not enough time to conduct a trial of hearing for each Japanese American
Need to protect against espionage outweighed Korematsu’s rights

Question 5

End of Internment

Answer 5

ended in 1944 before the end of the war
Supreme Court ruled that the military could bot hold the citizens any longer than necessary
Internees were free to return to homes and businesses

Question 6

THE CILVIL LIBERTIES ACT OF 1988

Answer 6

granted and official presidential apology
gave each survivor 20,000
reversed convictions for dissent or draft protest

Question 7

Nisei 442nd Regimental Combat Team

Answer 7

Segregated
only allowed to fight in Europe
most decorated regiments in history
Japanese

Question 8

Code Talkers

Answer 8

Japan broke many US military codes
US military created a top secrete code using Navajo, a relatively unknown language
Navajo tribe members served as Code Talkers
Supported US marines divisions in the Pacific

Question 9

Tuskegee Airmen

Answer 9

1939, government created a flight training program in Tuskegee, Alabama
1941, became first African American combat squadron
flew more than 1,500 missions, primarily to escort bombers into Germany

Question 10

Integrated Military

Answer 10

These groups paved the way for the future integration of the military

integration occurred in 1948

Now people from all walks of life served the armed forces