Internet Protocol v4 Flashcards
What is IPv4?
The 4th generation of the internet protocol
How many bits in an IPv4 address?
32
Into how many octets is an IPv4 divided?
4
how many bits per octet?
8
Why is an IPv4 address divided into 4 octets?
To make it more human readable. Similar to why phone numbers are divided using parenthesis or dashes, etc.
How many IP addresses can an IPv4 address provide?
2^32, or 4,294,967,296
how does the network layer determine if an IP address exists on the same network as it does?
Using the netmask.
An IPv4 address contains two elements, what are they?
network, and host
in a CIDR address, what does the number after the / represent?
Total available number of bits that belong to the network
How is a netmask of 255.255.255.0 represented in CIDR notation?
/24
How is a netmask of 255.255.0.0 represented in CIDR notation?
/16
In binary (the language of IP addresses) what does the following translate to?
00001010
10
What does each bit in an octet represtent?
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
Using the binary reference, to what does the following translate?
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
68
Networks are divided into the types? What are they?
Class A
Class B
Class C
What is a Class A network?
255.0.0.0, or /8
What is a Claass B network?
255.255.0.0, or /16
What is a Claass C network?
255.255.255.0, or /24
What is a classless IP address?
One where the network does not not delineate on /8, /16, or /24.
What type of IP address is this?
- 168.1.2
- 255.255.0
Class C, or CIDR /24
what type of IP address is this?
- 145.2.1
- 255.0.0
Class B, or CIDR /16
What type of IP address is this?
- 0.0.1
- 0.0.0
Class A, or CIDR /8
What type of IP address is this?
- 15.23.3
- 255.254.0
Classless, CIDR /9
What is the broadcast address in any IPv4 address?
all ones in the hosts segment of the IP address
What is the network address in any IPv4 address?
all zeros in the host segment of the IP address
How many IP addresses does a /25 CIDR provide?
128
How many IP addresses does a /24 CIDR provide?
256
How many IP addresses does a /23 CIDR provide?
512
How many IP addresses does a /22 CIDR provide?
1024
In CIDR notation, how many IP addresses more does each iteration of 1 provide?
half if iterating up, double if down.
/24 = 256
/23 = 512
/22 = 1024
What does BGP stand for?
Border gateway protocol
Basically, what does BGP do?
A system of peered routers across the internet to find available routing paths. (this is very basic, make sure to do some more research).
Can you split one network into multiple networks?
Yes. For example, One /22 can be split into two /22 networks.
From a networking perspective (a route table), can multiple networks be merged into one network?
Yes
What is it called to merge multiple networks into one on a routing table?
There are 4 terms: supernetting Supervise Route summarize Aggregate
If you wanted to merge four /24 networks into one network on the route table, how would that look?
10.0.32.0/24
10.0.32.0/21, or 255.255.252
What is the largest IP Class?
Class A
How many IP addresses available in Class A
16,777,214 (probably don’t need to know this)
in CIDR notation, how would you represent a Class A address?
x.x.x.x/8
Why are Class D addresses unavailable?
They are reserved for multicasting
Why are Class E addresses unavailable?
They are reserved for research
What are the common private address spaces?
- 0.0.0 / 255.0.0.0
- 16.0.0 - 172.31.0.0 / 255.240.0.0
- 168.0.0 / 255.255.0.0
How would an organization who deploys private IP addresses onto their devices allows those devices to speak with devices over the internet?
Using Network Address Translation (NAT).
Roughly, how does NAT work?
It replaces the source IP on your request packet with that of the public IP address
