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1.3 Dta Exchange > Internet Communication ( 2 ) > Flashcards

Internet Communication ( 2 ) Flashcards

1
Q

Why are packets kept their size?

A

Packets are kept small to ensure that the individual packets do not take excessive time to transfer preventing other packets from moving.

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2
Q

What is a MAC address?

A
  • Media Access Control Address

* Uniquely identifies a physical device with a network interface card

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3
Q

How do MAC addresses differ between devices?

A
  • Each device has a NIC

* Each NIC has a unique MAC address, which is hard coded into the card by the manufacturer

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4
Q

What is a protocol?

A

Set of rules defining common methods of data communication, or a formal description of the format of digital transmission.

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5
Q

What is a requirement of protocols?

A

Rules of protocols need to be standard across all devices in order for them to communicate with each other.

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6
Q

What is the purpose of TCP/IP?

A

• Enables communication with any other computer connected to the internet regardless of location

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7
Q

What is the purpose of a gateway?

A

• Gateway is required when data is travelling between networks that use different protocols.

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8
Q

What occurs when data passes through a gateway?

A

Header data are removed and reapplied using the correct format of the new network

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9
Q

What is the TCP/IP protocol stack?

A

Set of rules used to format a message so it can be sent over a network

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10
Q

What is the purpose of the layers of TCP/IP stack?

A
  • Each layer provides a specific function within the transmission of the message
  • At each layer the data to be sent is encapsulated in an envelope containing new packet data s it descends the layers, and is unwrapped at the receiving end
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11
Q

What are the various layers?

A
  • Application Layer
  • Transport Layer
  • Network Layer
  • Link Layer
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12
Q

What occurs at the application layer?

A

Top of the stack:
• Uses protocols relating to the application being used to transmit data over a network.
• Uses high level protocols that set an agreed standard between communicating end points
• Does not determine how the data is transmitted, specifies only rules of what should be sent.

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the application layer?

A
  • Provide services for applications that want to communicate across a network
  • Does not however, determine how the data is transmitted, specifies only rules of what should be sent.
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14
Q

What does the transport layer do?

A
  • Uses transmission control protocol ( TCP ) to establish an end to end connection with the recipient computer.
  • Splits data into packets and these are labelled with the packet number, the total number of packets, and the port number through which the packet should route
  • At the receiving end this layer confirms that packets have been received and requests any missing packets to be resent.
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15
Q

What is the purpose of the transport layer?

A
  • Establishes end to end connections with the recipient computer
  • Ensures that the packets are handled by the correct application on the recipient computer.
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16
Q

Which layer requests missing packets/acknowledges missing packets?

A

Transport Layer

17
Q

What does the network layer do?

A
  • Uses internet protocol to address packets with the source and destination IP address
  • Adds the source and destination IP addresses
  • Routers use IP addresses to forward the packets on to an endpoint called a socket
  • Routers use a routing table to instruct the next hop
18
Q

What layer do routers operate on?

A

Routers operate on the network layer

19
Q

How is a socket formed?

A

Addition of an IP address to the port number

20
Q

What is the purpose of the socket?

A

Specifies which device the packet must be sent to and the application being used on that device.

21
Q

What type of connection does does the link layer operate on?

A

Physical connection between network nodes

22
Q

What does the link layer do?

A
  • Adds the unique MAC addresses identifying the network interface cards of the source and destination computers, location where the packets should be sent to based on the IP address
  • MAC addresses change with each hop, but the destination MAC address is the destination of the packet, and remains the same
23
Q

What is the destination MAC address of the packet?

A

Destination MAC address is that of the device that the packet is being to next, unless the computers are on the same network

24
Q

What happens to the data at the receiving end?

A
  • The MAC address is stripped off by the link layer which passes the packets on to the network layer.
  • IP addresses are then removed by the network layer which passes them on tot eh transport layer to remove the port numbers and reassemble the packets in the correct order
  • Resulting data is passed to the application which presents the data for the user.
25
Q

What occurs at the network layer for the receiving end?

A
  • Data passed to the network layer by the link layer
  • IP addresses are then removed by the network layer which passes them on to the transport layer to remove the port numbers and reassemble the packets in the correct order
26
Q

What occurs at the application layer for the receiving end?

A
  • Passed on to the application layer by the transport layer

* Resulting data is passed to the application which presents the data for the user.

27
Q

What occurs at the link layer for the receiving end?

A

• The MAC address is stripped off by the link layer which passes the packets on to the network layer.

28
Q

What does the transport layer do at the receiving end?

A
  • Data is passed on to the transport layer from the network layer
  • Removes the port numbers and reassemble the packets in the correct order
29
Q

What is the purpose of a port?

A
  • A port is used to alert a specific application to deal with data sent to a computer
  • Used by protocols to specify what data is being sent

1.3 Dta Exchange (8 decks)

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