Internet Flashcards

1
Q

What is TCP / IP

A

Both are protocols that govern how information is sent from computer to computer

  • IP is a core protocol and a format for information in transit (IP packet)
  • TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) uses IP to provide a reliable mechanism to send sequences of bytes from source to destination
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2
Q

very general, how does information travel through the internet

A

Data chunks called ‘packets’ travel from host to host through networks of nodes and may take different routes

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3
Q

3 characteristics of IP addresses

A
  • must have a name (e.g. ucl.ac.uk)
  • a Domain Name Service (DNS) converts names to addresses
  • Domain Name Registration: http://www.internic.net/
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4
Q

what is the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)

A

an international community that develops open standards to ensure the long-term growth of the Web

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5
Q

difference between HTTP and HTML

A

HTTP: the foundation of data communication (HyperText Transfer Protocol)

HTML: format or presentation of information returned by the server (HyperText Markup language)

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6
Q

what is an URL

A

specifies a name for online document and where to find it (Uniform Resource Locator)

Each website, and each page or bit of information on that site, has a URL

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7
Q

4 characteristics of browsers

A
  • runs on client computer
  • connected to web servers
  • uses URLs & HTTP to request documents from web servers
  • formats and displays those HTML documents
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8
Q

difference between websites and webpages

A

A Website is a collection of web pages that:

  • Reside at a single network location
  • Are interlinked
  • Following a sequence of links
  • Generally share design characteristics

A Webpage is a document consisting of one or more web resources which are rendered simultaneously as a single object. Generally marked up in HTML.

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9
Q

characteristics of a web server

A

a program

  • runs on a computer
  • replying to browser requests for URL associated content
  • browser makes a web connection to a server using HTTP
  • manages form input
  • link forms and browsers with programs such as databases running on the server
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10
Q

Flash vs HTML5

A

Adobe Flash
• Can show video, display graphics, play games
• Ubiquitous web format
• Easy to create content using Adobe’s tools
But…
- Requires a plug-in, Proprietary format
- Notoriously unstable, Introduced security problems
- Uses up a lot of battery power

  • HTML5
  • Browser plays audio & video – no plug-in required
  • Standards compliant
  • Much better mobile coverage than Flash
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11
Q

How is Web Development different in big cooperations?

A

Many people work on the code, hence they use various collaboration tools and a distributed version control system (e.g. Git);

They use automation servers (e.g. Jenkins) to pull data from a repositories (e.g. Github) and send an image to a registry;

Due to the need for scalability (and the need for more than one server) they do not run VM as they are reasonably inefficient for such tasks — but rather use containers built from images (e.g. using Docker);

To cope with huge demand from all over the world and multiple servers, they will have load-balancers with master/slave servers in a cloud infrastructure (in different regions);

To ensure high level of security they use a combination of passwords and SSL certificates when connecting to servers.

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12
Q

What is a Content Delivery Network (CDN)?

A

A geographically distributed network of proxy servers and their data centers. The goal is to distribute service spatially relative to end-users to provide high availability and high performance.

For example, if you don’t want to download and host Bootstrap yourself, you can include it from a CDN.

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13
Q

4 important components of the WWW

A
  • HTML
  • HTPP
  • URL
  • Browsers
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14
Q

Difference between the Internet and Web

A

Internet = an international network of networks and computers, a global information system

The web = an application on the Internet

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