International Relations [First Mock Paper] Flashcards
Who were the “Big Three” at Versailles?
Lloyd George (Britain), Francois Clemonceau (France) and Woodrow Wilson (USA).
What did the “Big Three” want?
Clemenceau wanted revenge and punishment - “make Germany pay”
Woodrow Wilson wanted a world “safe for democracy”.
Lloyd George said he wanted to make Germany pay, but also wanted to protect the British Empire.
Why was no one entirely satisfied with the treaty?
Germany were furious, and the people who liked the treaty all had parts of it they didn’t like.
Successes and Failures in the League (1920s)
Aaland Islands: 1921, League said islands should belong to Finland, both Sweden and Finland agreed.
Bulgaria: 1925, Greece invaded Bulgaria but withdrew when Bulgaria appealed to the league.
400,000 Prisoners of War returned home.
Stopped Leprosy.
Organised attacks on slave owners in Africa and Burma.
Successes and Failures in the League (1920s)
Aaland Islands: 1921, League said islands should belong to Finland, both Sweden and Finland agreed.
Bulgaria: 1925, Greece invaded Bulgaria but withdrew when Bulgaria appealed to the league.
400,000 Prisoners of War returned home.
Stopped Leprosy.
Organised attacks on slave owners in Africa and Burma.
Failures of the League of Nations?
Upheld Treaty of Versailles that everyone hated.
Secretariat was woefully undermanned.
Lacked support of powerful nations, USA never a member, USSR not until 1934
What was the impact of Depression on the International Relations and the League?
No Countries wanted to agree on a decision, all were desperate for land and money.
Why did Japan attack Manchuria, how did the league respond?
Manchuria was rich in natural resources and fertile land and place where Japan’s spilling overpopulation could go. The League effectively did nothing.
Why did the League Fail in the 1930’s?
The League failed due to the Great Depression making countries less willing to be reasonable.
What were Hitler’s aims in Foreign Policy?
Revise the treaty of Versailles
Unite all German speaking people into one Reich (Empire)
Expand Eastwards to achieve Lebensraum (Living Space)
What successes did Hitler have? 1933-1937
Withdrew from the League of Nations (1933)
Began Rearming in 1933
Saar Reunited
Remilitarised Rheinland
Alliance with Japan+Italy
Causes of Appeasement?
People wished to avoid conflict.
Impact of Depression
Treaty too strict.
What is the Popular Majority View? 1937-1938
Chamberlain had done well.
Most people approved of Chamberlain’s actions- treated as a hero when he returned to Britain after signing the Munich agreement. Only one minister resigned and some ministers (including Lord Halifax) became even stronger supporters of Appeasement than Chamberlain w
What is the Popular and Political View? (1938-1948)
Called the “Guilty Men”
Made by 3 Journalists called “Cato”.
Appeasement was a Foolish, cowardly and immoral policy.
What is the Orthodox View? 1948-1960
Churchill’s View
Appeasement was a terrible misjudgement and miscalculation even if it was based on good motives.
