International Relations

Question 1

What type of analysis uses descriptive process and focuses on global issues, international institutions, and the foreign polices of individual nation-states?

Answer 1

traditional analysis

Question 2

What is the approach called when one zeroes on war and deterrence, and employ game theory to analyze negotiations, the effectiveness of weapons systems, and likelihood of versus all-out war in a given crisis?

Answer 2

strategists’ approach

Question 3

What is the name of the approach that analyze specific components of international relations e.g. politics of arms races, escalation of international crises, role of prejudice and attitudes toward other cultures in precipitating war and peace.

Answer 3

middle-range theorists approach

Question 4

What is the name of the approach that stresses significance of international orgs and complexities of interactions among nations, and considers factors such as economics, ethics, law, and trade agreements.

Answer 4

world politics approach

Question 5

Who is Hans J. Morgenthau?

Answer 5

Grand theory of international relations famous author on IR — “Politics Among Nations (1948)”

Question 6

Who focuses on realism; the Analysis of relations among nations reveal recurring themes as “interest defined a power” and striving for equilibrium balance of power as a means of maintaining peace?

Answer 6

Morgenthau

Question 7

What type of people in IR assume that human nature is essentially good; nations are capable of cooperation and avoiding armed conflict?

They highlight: Global organizations, international law, disarmament, and reform of institutions that lead to war

Answer 7

Idealists theorists

Question 8

The “foreign policy process” involves:

Answer 8

States a govt goes through in formulating policy and arriving at decisions with respect to courses of action.

Question 9

1. Nations
2. World orgs
3. Multinational corps
4. Non-state ethnic entities e.g. Palestine Liberation Orgs

Are all examples of?

Answer 9

“primary players” or “actors” in IR

Question 10

In foreign policy perspectives, what does the “unitary/rational actor model” believe how countries want to act ?

Answer 10

Want to act rationally.

Motivation: Maximize goals and achieve specific objectives

Assumes:

• all nations\primary players share similar goals and approach foreign policy issues in like fashion.
• Players are more influenced by actions of other players rather than by what may be taking place internally
• Assume that actors will respond on the world stage by making the best choice after measured consideration of possible alternatives

Question 11

In foreign policy perspectives, what is it when many large orgs are involved in formulating foreign policy leads to final decisions are result of struggle among the bureaucratic actors?

Answer 11

“bureaucratic model”

Question 12

What are the positives and negatives of the bureaucratic model?

Answer 12

Positive: Assumes consideration of multiple points of view

Negative: Inter-agency competition and compromise often drive final decision

Question 13

What are the 3 major instruments of foreign policy?

Answer 13

1. Diplomacy (communicating with other primary players through official reps)
2. Military strength\actions (assessment of technological strength, readiness, and support of its domestic population and international community. )
3. Economic initiatives

Question 14

Involves communicating with other primary players through official reps.

Examples:

• Negotiating treaties and settlements
• Exchanging official communications

This ______________?

Answer 14

diplomacy

Question 15

What is an example of when military strength\actions was considered?

Answer 15

President George HW Bush’s decision to engage with military conflict with Iraq’s Suddam Hussein in 1991 after Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait; it reflects positive assessment of assessing technological strength, readiness, and support of its domestic population and international community.

Question 16

What gave birth to the concept of today’s modern nation-state?

Answer 16

The Peace of Westphalia (1648) which was what concluded the Thirty-Years War in Europe.

The old feudal order was replaced.

In Europe that allowed the Holy Roman Emperor to extend his influence over the territories was replaced by a new one in which distinct geographic and political entities interacted under a new set of principles.

Question 17

Why is the 18th century dubbed the “golden age of diplomacy” ?

Answer 17

The 18th century was an era of relative stability in which moderation and shared cultural values on the part of decision-makers were the rule.

Question 18

Why did structural changes in the process and implementation of international relations occur in the 19th and 20th centuries?

Answer 18

There were major political, technological, and ideological developments.

Question 19

What dramatically altered the concept and conduct of war?

Answer 19

The scientific and industrial revolutions of the 18th century which eventually gave rise to advancements in military technology in the 19th and 20th century.

Question 20

What is “deterrent capabilities” mean?

Answer 20

To retaliate so swiftly and effectively that an enemy will avoid conflict

Question 21

In addition to scientific and technological revolutions of the 18th century, what is another factor that modeled the structural changes in IR that surfaced in the 19th and 20th centuries?

Answer 21

Ideological

E.g. binding “isms” - Communism, democratic republicanism, nazism, etc. competing for dominance led for ideological conflicts to evolve

Question 22

What are the entities beyond the nation-state that comprise the contemporary scence in IR?

Answer 22

1. Non-state actors\principal players
2. Nonterritorial transnational orgs
3. Nonterritorial intergovernmental\multinational ogs

Question 23

What are contemporary nation-states?

Answer 23

Legal entities occupying well-defined geographic areas & organized under a common set of govt institutions .

They are recognized by other members of international community “sovereign and independent states”

Question 24

What are “non-state actors” or “principal players”?

Answer 24

Movements\parties that function as independent states

• Lack sovereignty, but have moe power than some less developed nation states

Examples:

• Palestine Liberation Org (PLO): Conducts its own foreign policy, purchases armaments, committed acts of terror w/ grave consequences for the contemporary international community
• Irish Republican Army (IRA): Employed systematic acts of terror to achieve political ends

Question 25

Institutions that conduct activities throughout the world, but whose aims are largely nonpolitical are examples of:

Answer 25

non-territorial transnational organized

Examples:

• Catholic Church
• General Motors, Hitachi, British Petroleum
• Exist primarily for economic protect, but can impact foreign policy.

Examples: United Fruit Company’s suspect complicity to overthrow govt of Guatemala in 950s

Question 26

Made up of nation-states and can wield significant power on international scene

Examples: United Nations, NATO, European Union

NATO: Primarily military intergovernmental org

EU: Mainly economic

UN: Multipurpose entity - Even though its primary mission is to promote world peace, it engages in a variety of social, cultural, economic, health, and humanitarian activities

These are all examples of?

Answer 26

intergovernmental organizations

Question 27

Since the 1970s, when tensions between the US and Soviet Union eased, what type of system has been evolving?

Answer 27

Multipolar system: New alignments are flexible and easily drawn

Question 28

George HW Bush spoke of the “New World Order” at the end of the Cold War. What does this involve?

Answer 28

Calls for multinational cooperation as seen in the Persian Gulf War

Persian Gulf War (1990-91): a war waged by coalition forces from 34 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq’s invasion and annexation of Kuwait.

Question 29

What is the “multipolar” system?

Answer 29

New alignments are flexible and easily drawn
- Emphasize ideology and military superiority
- Calls for multinational cooperation e.g. Gulf War
- Assumes greater non-military, transnational cooperation in scientific research and humanitarian projects
Less cohesive than the bipolar system of the recent past, and the orders of the distance past

Question 30

What are the set of fundamental rules that have long governed IR?

Answer 30

• Territorial integrity
• Sovereignty (the authority of a state to govern itself or another state)
• Legal equality of nation-states

Question 31

Dept. of State and Defense, National Security Council, Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Commerce, and\or any other agencies and depts whose agendas might be impacted by a foreign policy decision are all examples of?

Answer 31

-bureaucractic actors

Question 32

Nation-states are the basic governmental unit and there’s no authority above individual nations in the definition of what?

Answer 32

Realism

Question 33

What does the War Powers Resolution give the president power to do?

Answer 33

Deploy troops abroad in situations where hostilities are imminent for only 60 days, unless Congress approves a longer deployment, declares war, or cannot meet because country is under attack.