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history > international relations 1919-1939 > Flashcards

international relations 1919-1939 Flashcards

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1
Q

who were the big three?

A
  • Woodrow Wilson (US president)
  • George’s Clemenceau (French prime minister)
  • David Lloyd George (UK prime minister)
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2
Q

what did Woodrow Wilson want out of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

he was motivated by internationalism and proposed the FOURTEEN POINTS., such as the LN and demilitarisation.
(he was also a little nationalist and didn’t want the US to get caught up in another war.)

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3
Q

what did Georges Clemenceau want out of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

motivated by NATIONALISM- felt he was being short changed with punishments to Germany, France suffered the most, so he wanted Germany to pay for the damage.

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4
Q

what did David Lloyd George want out of the Treaty of Versailles?

A

nationalistic and internationalistic- wanted Germany to recover so they could pay compensation and be a trade partner. however also wanted to take a way Germany’s navy and colonies to prevent another war.

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5
Q

what were the reactions to the treaty of Versailles?

A

GERMANY: outraged. they believed they didn’t start OR lose the war.

FRANCE: annoyed. felt treaty wasn’t harsh enough on Germany.

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6
Q

when was the Paris Peace Conference.?

A

1919

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7
Q

what were the aims of the League of Nations?

A
  1. discourage aggression between countries.
  2. disarmament
  3. encourage cooperation in trade
  4. improve living and working conditions
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8
Q

what did the LN promise?

A

ECONOMIC SANCTIONS: e.g. refuse to trade with an offending country
COLLECTIVE SECURITY: a promise to protect one another if attacked

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9
Q

what successes did the LN have?

A
  1. 1928 Kellogg Brian’s Pact (65 nations agreed to not settle disputes by force)
  2. Refugee committee help 400,000 people
  3. solving political disputes (e.g. Aaland Islands, Upper Silesia, Bulgaria)
  4. exchange of ideas, culture of cooperation, lines of communication
  5. improving living and working conditions (health committee + vaccines, drug trafficking and slavery)
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10
Q

explain how the LN failed at disarmament.

A

the Peace treaty said all countries should disarm, but most failed. Japan, USA, France and Britain agreed to limit navy sizes but that was as far as disarmament got.
Germany was forced to disarm so this was damaging to the League’s reputation in Germany.

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11
Q

explain how the LN failed in Vilna.

A

political dispute. Poland took control of Vilna. the LN protested to Poland. Poland did nothing, and so did the League, as Poland was potentially a german ally.

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12
Q

explain how the LN failed with incomplete membership

A

Germany and USA not part of the league, so policies such a as economic sanctions didn’t have much use.

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13
Q

state the 3 reasons why the LN failed

A
  • disarmament
  • Vilna (or corfu)
  • incomplete membership
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14
Q

when did the WALL STREET CRASH begin?

A

had impact on countries all over the world. 1929

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15
Q

what were the impacts of the wall street crash/great depression?

A

BRITAIN: high unemployment. avoided international disputes.
GERMANY: unemployment and poverty=people voted for Hitler
AMERICA: avoided trade and economy sanctions. fewer loans to Europe
FRANCE: worried about germany and hitler. built defences eg. maginot line
ITALY: Mussolini tried to build overseas empire to distract people from the problems they faced
JAPAN: complete collapse of industry threatened. took over Manchuria.

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16
Q

what did the great depression lead to in Japan?

A

NO FOOD. failed silk exports = no food imports

17
Q

why did Japan invade manchuria?

A

manchuria had:

  • living space for Japan’s growing population
  • food and resources
18
Q

what was Japan’s claim to Manchuria and the reality?

A

claimed: chinese attacked the South Manchuria Railway
reality: Japanese blew up the railway and used it as an excuse.

19
Q

what happened in the Manchurian crisis?

A

Manchuria was invaded, occupied and renamed. it became a ‘puppet state’- it was owned by china but completely controlled by Japan.

20
Q

what did the LN do in the manchurian crisis and why was it powerless?

A
  • the LN sent Lord Lytton to investigate. his report took a year to write and it claimed that Japan should withdraw.
  • Japan left the LN, which only further weakened the LN
  • LN was powerless because:
    1. Japan’s main trading partner was USA (not part of LN), so economic sanctions were useless
    2. Britain and France were in no fighting state due to depression.
21
Q

when did italy attack abyssinia and what type of weapons did they use?

A

used chemical weapons.

1935

22
Q

why did italy attack abyssinia and how did they win?

A

wanted to show italy’s strength to rest of europe.

italy had a much more modern army than Abyssinia (airforce + advanced technology). UNFAIR WAR.

23
Q

what was the LN’s response to the Abyssinian crisis?

A
  • THERE WAS A LONG DELAY.
  • finally they put economic sanctions on Italy (rubber, tin and metals.) they didn’t put it on oil, which would’ve made the most impact.
  • they DIDNT close the Suez Canal (Italy’s main trade route.)
24
Q

what happened in the Hoare-Laval pact?

A

an agreement between British and French foreign ministers (Hoare and Laval) to SECRETLY GIVE ITALY 2/3 OF ABYSSINIA.
When the deal became public they were both sacked.

25
Q

what were the consequences of the LN’s failure over the Abyssinian Crisis?

A
  1. collective security was an empty promise- the league did nothing against powerful countries and nationalism always won.
  2. national economic interests were more important to Britain and France (2 of the LN’s leaders)
  3. Britain and France were even prepared to work behind the LN’s back if it meant defending their national interests (hoare-laval pact)
  4. Britain and France still managed to alienate Italy anyway (Rome-Berlin Axis signed in Nov 1936)
26
Q

what were Hitler’s main beliefs?

A
  1. destroying communism
  2. racial theory + lebensraum (blond hair and blue eyes =master race)
  3. militarism
27
Q

what were Hitler’s early actions 1933-1936?

A
  1. LEAVING THE LN (1933). the League was associated with Treaty Of Versailles which Germans hated.
    BRITAIN AND FRANCE DID NOTHING which further weakened the League.
  2. REARMAMENT (1933-35). wanted a stronger German Army, felt it was unfair having a small one. BRITAN AND FRANCE DID NOTHING. this increased tension and scared France (built Maginot Line)
  3. REMILITARISATION OF THE RHINELAND (1936). felt it was unfair to be de-militarised. to test the response of the allies and make him more popular in Germany. BRITAIN AND FRANCE DID NOTHING.

EACH TIME THEY DID NOTHING IT ENCOURAGED HITLER TO GAMBLE AGIAN = WW2

28
Q

what was Anschluss?

A

GERMANY UNITES WITH AUSTRIA.

In march 1938, German troops took over Austria. A plebiscite was held- 99.75% of Austrians voted for German union

29
Q

how did the LN fail and Hitler ‘win’ over Anschluss?

A
  • Britain and France again DID NOTHING. many believed Germany and Austria had a right to unite if they wanted to.
  • GAVE HITLER A BOOST. it suggested the allies wouldn’t get in the way of his plans. also gave germany more resources (iron ore and gold), and population.
30
Q

What happened in the Sudetenland crisis and MUNICH AGREEMENT?

A
  • Hitler was interested in Czechoslovakia and the Sudetenland was mostly populated by Germans.
  • Hitler’s Nazis we’re sent to stir up trouble and demand they join with Germany. neither side backed down and the situation reached crisis point.
  • by mid-September, Chamberlain made a final attempt to avoid war (and sort of succeeded)
31
Q

why was the Munich Agreement a boost for Hitler?

A

it showed that the allies would do anything to avoid war, including giving Hitler land like the Sudetenland.

32
Q

how did britain and france react to the sudetenland crisis?

A

gave Hitler the Sudetenland to APPEASE HIM. believed once hitler had what he wanted he would become peaceful and have no thoughts of invading and starting a war (appeasement)

33
Q

what was the Nazi-Soviet pact?

A

agreement between Hitler and Stalin to not attack each other.

34
Q

what reasons did Hitler have to sign the Nazi Soviet pact?

A
  1. the USSR would not attack Germany
  2. Hitler gained the guarantee he needed to attack Poland
  3. he didn’t want a large scale war
35
Q

what reasons did Stalin have to sign the Nazi Soviet pact?

A
  1. germany would not attack the USSR.
  2. Stalin would gain the Balti states of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia.
  3. he would also gain 1/2 of poland.
  4. it gave him time to build up his forces for when Hitler turned against him.
36
Q

why did the Nazi Soviet Pact fail?

A

Only made war MORE LIKELY as neither side had faith in it.

Staling used the time to build up his forces for when Hitler inevitably invaded them, which he did in 1941.

history (16 decks)

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