International migration has increased in global hub cities and regions, deepening interdependence between regions

Question 1

rural- urban

Answer 1

in 2008, over half the population lived in urban settlements of over 10,000 people. by 2050 an extra 3 billion people are expected to be living in urban areas.
As a result the numbers of million cities and mega cities are rapidly growing.

Question 2

how cities are linked in a global network

Answer 2

the most important cities are linked in a global network.
These world cities represent hubs in the global economy- where political and economic decisions are made and where most investment takes place.

Question 3

hub cities

Answer 3

attract flows of economic migrants, as well as capital. They are the best connected cities, and they airports provide gateways to the rest of the country.

Question 4

hyper urbanisation in NEW DELHI

Answer 4

• rapid population growth is outstripping the ability of authorities to provide basic needs like sanitation.
• predicted to grow by 40% between 2010-20

Question 5

causes of rapid population growth

Answer 5

• high birth rate and low death rate

- rural- urban migration

Question 6

why people migrate from rural-urban

Answer 6

• the rural poor who lack opportunities hope for a better future in the city
• the rural rich, move to cities to invest in urban property and provide better education for their families.

Question 7

social challenges caused by rapid growth

Answer 7

• challenges government to provide services and basic needs such as housing and education
• in most countries, private companies are more likely than governments to provide housing, water, healthcare, energy and sanitation systems to meet the demand from growing urban populations. The wealthier areas willl have piped water first
• sprawling shanty towns are the products of uncontrolled urban growth, and are common in ledc
• homeless people rises as housing is unaffordable

Question 8

environmental challenges w rapid growth

Answer 8

• WHO surveyed 1600 cities for air quality, they measured particulates.
• New Delhi was judged the worst with 153 micrograms of particulates/cubic m. London only had 16
• air pollution is Indias with largest killer

Question 9

international migration

Answer 9

• globalisation has meant people move around the world more freely.
• example; 2014, the flow of people around the world as migrants resulted in 231.6 million migrants.
• the migrants travel from the south to the north(more developed)

Question 10

London- a destination for elite migrants

Answer 10

• bc of its knowledge economy, Londons position as a major world city has arisen.
• flows of skilled, wealthy migrants(elite migrants) have moved to London because it is a global property hotspot.
• overseas buyers are mostly from Russia and Qatar.
• has led to property price inflation, housing is too expensive for native Londoners.

Question 11

low wage migrants

Answer 11

• The united arab emirates have benefitted from flows of cheap labour because of their labour shortages due to small populations so they recruit people from overseas.
• migrant workers make up of 90% of UAE workforce.
• Thie is called mass low-wage economic migrants.
• only earn $4 a day- led to a rapid growth of infrastructure

Question 12

costs/ benefits of migration

Answer 12

HOST LOCATION:

• receives skilled foreign workers
• fills skill shortages
• gains low skilled workers for jobs which are hard to fill
• can isatin a growing leisure sector, through gaining workers for hotels and bars
• can often balance an ageing population with young adults

SOURCE LOCATION:

• reduced unemployment as people find jobs elsewhere
• loses its skilled workers- brain drain
• earns remittance payments, which are sent home by overseas workers
• suffers from an unbalanced, ageing population