International Medicine - Ryan

Question 1

What is Health?

Answer 1

“A state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”

Question 2

What is Global Health?

Answer 2

• Field devoted to the study and improvement of the health status in developing nations
• Relates to health issues and concerns that transcend national borders, class, race, ethnicity and culture. The term stresses the commonality of health issues and which require a collective (partnership based) action.

Question 3

Health Status Factors aka Determinants of Health

Answer 3

income, education, knowledge of healthy behaviors, social status, sex, genetic makeup, and access to health care.

Question 4

three main criteria for providing adequate healthcare: (to the poor)

Answer 4

1. Equitable access to both prevention and treatment services, rural and urban
2. Affordability regardless of income
3. Sustainability of services through long tern political and financial support

Question 5

Best outcomes for improving health in poor countries?

Answer 5

education

Question 6

Major Causes of Death

Answer 6

1. Ischemic Heart Disease
2. Cerebrovascular Disease/stroke
3. Lower Respiratory

Question 7

Leading cause of death in children

Answer 7

1. malnutrition 2. preterm births

Question 8

Top 3 deaths due to infectious dx

Answer 8

1. Lower respiratory
2. diarrheal dx
3. TB

Question 9

Top Single agent/organism killers

Answer 9

1. HIV/AIDS
2. TB
3. Malaria

Question 10

TB

Answer 10

-Leading cause of death in HIV patients
Highly contagious, Latent vs. Active.

• About 1/3 of the world’s population has latent TB
• 5-10% of people who are infected with TB bacilli

Question 11

MDR TB -multiresistent TB

Answer 11

• Price and availability of the medications; disrupts the treatment protocols of patients
• Insufficient infection control (containment of aerosol transmission)
• Side effects of medications, people feel worse, so they stop taking the meds

Question 12

XDR- TB (extensively drug resistant)

Answer 12

TB caused by strains of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis

-isolates resistant to rifampin, isoniazid, flouroquino-lones and any second line injectable

Question 13

Malaria

Answer 13

• Most important arthropod born disease and parasitic disease in the world
• 1/2world pop live in areas at risk for transmission

Question 14

5 Major areas of study for developing countries

Answer 14

• Nutrition
• Contraception and safe obstetric care
• Infectious disease prevention
• Trauma prevention
• Provision of medical care

Question 15

Malnutrition- protein energy malnutrition (PEM) most common

Answer 15

• deficiency in protein, calories and micronutrients.

- increases risk of infectious dx

Question 16

PEM types (2)

Answer 16

1. Marmus- Stunted growth, extreme muscle wasting, loss of adipose tissue, with no peripheral edema, resulting primarily from the combined effects of both energy (CHO) and protein malnutrition (typical starvation)
2. Kwashiorkor - Growth failure, peripheral edema, hair discoloration, hypoalbuminemia, and preservation of subcutaneous fat resulting from protein malnutrition. (swollen stomach)

Question 17

Micronutrient Deficiency (VIT)

Answer 17

• Vitamin A – xerophthalmia (corneal scarring) and blindness
• Iron- chronic anemia

-Zinc- stunted growth and poor
wound healing

-Iodine- thyroid dysfunction and goiter

Question 18

Some interventions to improve health

Answer 18

• Exclusive breast feeding for the first 4-6 months of life
• Nutritious complementary formula feedings for infants ages 4-24 months
• Iron and folate supplementation for pregnant women
• Iodized salt and Vit A for everyone

Question 19

Breast feeding

Answer 19

For nutrition and birthcontrol

Question 20

Trauma prevention

Answer 20

most caused by traffic accidents

Question 21

Trauma Prevention

Answer 21

Products- helmets
Behavior- alcohol consumption , learn to swim
Enviornment- road conditions