International economic issues (AS level) Flashcards

1
Q

Factor endowment

A

the availability of capital, enterprise, labour and land in an economy

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2
Q

Absolute advantage (international trade)

A

a situation where, for a given set of resources, one country can produce more of a particular product than another country

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3
Q

Opportunity cost ratio

A

the quantity of one product compared to the quantity of another product that has to be sacrificed to produce it.

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4
Q

Comparative advantage (international trade)

A

a situation where a country can produce a product at a lower opportunity cost than another country

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5
Q

Free trade

A

international trade not restricted by taxes on imports and other policy tools designed to give domestic producers protection from competition from imports

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6
Q

Trading possibility curve

A

a diagram showing the effects of a country specialising and trading

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7
Q

Imports

A

goods and services purchased from other countries

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8
Q

Exports

A

goods and services sold to other countries

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9
Q

Terms of trade

A

a numerical measure of the relationship between export and import prices

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10
Q

Protectionism (international trade)

A

protecting domestic producers from foreign competition

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11
Q

Tariff

A

a tax imposed on imports. Sometimes tariffs may be imposed on exports

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12
Q

Absolute poverty

A

a condition where people’s income is too low to enable them to meet their basic needs

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13
Q

Quota

A

a limit on imports

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14
Q

Embargo

A

a ban on imports and/ or exports

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15
Q

Voluntary export restraint

A

a limit placed on imports reached with the agreement of the supplying country

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16
Q

Exchange control

A

restrictions on the purchases of foreign currency

17
Q

Infant industries

A

new industries that have a low output and a high average cost

18
Q

Dumping

A

selling product in a foreign market at below their cost of production

19
Q

Monopoly

A

where one firm dominated the market due to having a large market share; a pure monopoly is a single seller with 100% market share

20
Q

Current account

A

a record of the trade in goods, trade in services, primary income and secondary income

21
Q

Dividend payments

A

a share of a firm’s profits paid to its shareholders

22
Q

Exchange rate

A

price of one currency in terms of another currency

23
Q

Balance of payments account

A

a record of a country’s economic transactions with the rest of the world over a year

24
Q

Capital account

A

within the balance of payments, a record of the sale of purchase of copyrights, patents, trademarks, and money brought into the country by immigrants and taken out by emigrants

25
Financial account
within the balance of payments, a record of the transfer of financial and capital assets between the country and the rest of the world
26
Imbalance in the current account
debit items in the current account not equalling credit items
27
Current account deficit
the value of debit items on the current account exceeding the value of credit items
28
Current account surplus
the value of credit items on the current account exceeding the value of debit items
29
Balance in the current account
debit items in the current account equalling credit items
30
Floating exchange rate
and exchange rate that is determined by the market forces of demand and supply
31
Depreciation
a decrease in the international price of a currency caused by market forces
32
Appreciation
an increase in the international price of a currency caused by market forces
33
Hot money flows
flows of money moved around the world to take advantage of changes in interest rates and exchange rates