International Development Flashcards
What is poverty?
Poverty is where you do not have enough resources - money, or possessions - to meet your basic needs.
What is extreme poverty?
Extreme poverty is when people have less than $1.90 a day to live on, this figure is set by the world bank and can change.
What is the poverty line?
Where a sum of money is used to define the level of poverty in a country.
What is a development indicator?
An indicator that helps to show how developed a particular country is.
What is life expectancy?
Life expectancy is how long a human is expected to live for, on average.
What is GNI per person (PPP)?
- The GNI per person is just the total wealth divided by the number of citizens, to give out an average number.
- But, the GNI per person (PPP) is adjusted to take into account that things cost more in some places than others.
- The PPP stands for purchasing power parity.
- This is important as the wealth may be distributed very unevenly in the country.
What is the HDI?
*It stands for Human Developmental Index.
*It is a score between 0 and 1, indicating how developed a country is, with 1 being most developed and 0 being the least.
*It combines life expectancy, access to education and GNI (PPP).
Why does the development gap exist?
- Historical reasons such as colonisation and exploitation.
- Geographical reasons such as climate, soil conditions and availability of resources.
- Heath and education of the population, resulting in productivity.
- Conflict and corruption, such as unstable governments and internal conflicts.
- Relying on few exports.
- Lack of industry in poor countries.
What is globalisation?
The process of the world becoming more connected, through a flow of goods, money, people and information.
What are TNCs?
- They are transnational corporations, with branches and operations in more than one country.
- They are responsible for more than half of all world trade.
Why do many TNCs from wealthy countries operate in low income countries?
- To obtain materials as cheaply as possible.
- Benefit from low wage demanding workers.
- Be close to or in large populations to sell things to.
How can we put an end to poverty?
- Poorer countries can try to exploit natural resources to help themselves, root out corruption and develop manufacturing.
- Richer countries can aid them by giving grants and loans.
- They can get help from NGOs, by giving small loans to people to help them set up in businesses (micro financing).
- They can get help from technology.
What is top-down development?
Development lead by a government.
What is bottom-up development?
This is to help a local community.
