Internal Surfaces Of The Body

Question 1

Name the three layers of a mucous membrane.

Answer 1

Epithelium
Latina Propria: layer of connective tissue
muscularis mucosae (in alimentary): layer of smooth muscle cells

Question 2

Where are serous membranes found?

Answer 2

Serous membranes are thin and envelop viscera and line certain body cavities. This includes: peritoneum, pleural sacs and pericardium.

Question 3

What are the two layers of a serous membrane?

Answer 3

Mesothelium

Thin layer of connective tissue which connects it to other tissues. Also carries blood vessels and nerves.

Question 4

Explain how viscera become surrounded by serous membranes.

Answer 4

Viscera are not within the serous membranes like a sac, but instead they push into them like pushing into a balloon. The outer wall is the parietal serous a and the inner one is the visceral serosa.

Question 5

What is mesentry?

Answer 5

When the gut pushes into the peritoneum it takes with it some tissue. This is called mesentry and is what connects all abdominal organs. It contains arteries and nerves.

Question 6

Where in the mucous membrane are mucus glands found?

Answer 6

Latina propria

Question 7

List the four layers of the gut wall.

Answer 7

Mucosa, sub mucosa, muscularis externae, serosa.

Question 8

How do the external muscle layers of the gut wall move luminal contents along the gut?

Answer 8

The muscularis externae has two layers, one circular (inner) and an outer longitudinal muscle layer. They create peristaltic waves which move the contents of the gut.

Question 9

What structures are found in the sub mucosa?

Answer 9

Arteries, veins and nerves.

Question 10

What is the adventitia?

Answer 10

It is a thin outer layer of connective tissue which is found where there is no peritoneum or other serous membrane.

Question 11

What are Rugae?

Answer 11

Longitudinal folds which occur in the gastric mucosae of an empty stomach.

Question 12

What are Plicae Cirailcres?

Answer 12

Circular folds of mucosa/ submucosa which project into the gut and increase the surface area.

Question 13

What type of epithelia do the crypts of Lieberkuhn show and what is their purpose?

Answer 13

The have simple columnar epithelia and they produce mucus and supply this to surface cells in the large intestine. These surface epithelial cells absorb electrolytes and water.

Question 14

In the trachea, what is contained within the submucosa?

Answer 14

Seromucus glands

Question 15

What happens in the bronchioles in asthma sufferers?

Answer 15

The muscle layer contracts. At this point there is no cartilage and the trachea is held open by surrounding alveoli.

Question 16

What are the two different cell types found in alveoli and their function?

Answer 16

Type 1 - simple squamous epithelia, are very thin and allow gas exchange.
Type 2 - cuboidal cells which produce surfactant, this prevents alveolar collapse.

Question 17

What is included in the conducting portion of the respiratory tract? What is the other section of the respiratory tract called?

Answer 17

Nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oropharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi and bronchioles.
The respiratory portion is the remaining section: bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli, alveolar sacs.

Question 18

What are the three layers in the urinary system walls?

Answer 18

Epithelium (generally transitional)
Latina propria
Muscularis externae

Question 19

How many layers are there in the muscularis externae of the bladder wall?

Answer 19

3

Question 20

What type of epithelia lines the male urethra?

Answer 20

Stratified columnar epithelium.

Question 21

Name three tracts which mucous membranes line.

Answer 21

Respiratory, alimentary, Urinary.