Internal Migration (Lessons 6&7) : Flashcards
What are the 2 types of internal migration?
Temporary and Permanent.
Describe the temporary internal migration within Australia:
- Not much movement due to the massive population of people and jobs in urban spaces (no need to move).
- FIFO workers - Fly In Fly Out, usually working in the mines or on construction work. usually gone for a maximum of 6 months.
- This can lead to mental and physical health problems.
Describe permanent internal migration within Australia:
- NSW is losing a lot of people (roughly 16,000)
- QLD, VIC, WA & ACT all gaining
- TAS, NT, SA & NSW all losing
Why is NSW losing people?
- Job losses in rural areas
- Sydney sucks = traffic, house prices etc.
- The only reason our population remains steady is because of immigrants.
Why is Queensland gaining people?
- Good weather
- Nice place to retire
Why is WA gaining people?
Mining job oppurtunities.
True of False: The urbanisation of Sydney played a huge role in people permanently internally migrating?
True ;).
Describe temporary internal migration in China:
- Government strictly controls migration
- 1/6 people in China are migrant workers looking for money in cities.
- Government will only allow migration (temporary) for people to work in poor conditions in factories/construction sites.
What happens in China when your year of temporary migration has finished but you want to keep working and living in the city? (3 things)
1)
FLOATING POPULATION
- No access to healthcare
- No unemployment benefits
- No access to government services
2)
- Paid minimum wage
- Live in poor conditioned living spaces attached to the factory you live beside
- Homelessness threat
3)
- Can get rounded up by police
- Held in detention or deported
How has the “floating population” of China been a benefit?
- Good for business because you can pay the immigrants less
- Good for the government because they don’t have to take care of them.
Why was the hukou system changed?
- Wanted to get the floating population under control
- Needed to fill the new cities
How was the hukou system changed?
- You can get a “resident” hukou = not giving you the same rights as someone born in the city but still being acknowledged as a citizen.
- Government has started a program to give out more permanent urban hukou to about 100 million people.
- Easier to get a hukou in the smaller/medium sized ready to be filled ‘ghost’ cities.
Describe the Permanent internal migration in China?
- China has had the most internal migration than anywhere in the world.
-Hukou system - Benefits to those with City Hukou’s disadvantages to those with rural Hukous.
What is a hukou
- A passport system
- Designed to separate those born in the city with those born in rural areas
- Identity card
- You can apply to change your hukou
- The only means of receiving permanent relocation.
What are some benefits an individual might receive if they have a “city hukou”?
- School and University
- House
- Job
Health insurance - Car
- Live a good life
Where are the consequences of internal migration more dire China or Australia?
China by a mile.
Name China’s Destination and Origin for the economic consequences of internal migration:
ORIGIN:
- Migrants leave rural towns in search of work, better living conditions and business.
DESTINATION:
- Cities flooded with temporary migrants
- Good for large companies looking for cheap workers.
Name Australia’s Destination and Origin for the economic consequences of internal migration:
ORIGIN:
- Depends on why they’re leaving
- Skilled people moving out of urban areas is very bad.
DESTINATION:
- Housing prices increase
- Business starts up
Name China’s Destination and Origin for the social consequences of internal migration:
ORIGIN:
- Poverty so severe would rather become illegal immigrants than continue this poverty.
- Rural villages filled with left behind children
- Mental and Physical health problems.
DESTINATION:
- Migrants face horrible living conditions
- Children may not be able to go to school = another generation of temporary migrant workers.
Name Australia’s Destination and Origin for the social consequences of internal migration:
ORIGIN AND DESTINATION:
- Older people move out - younger people move in, as well as immigrants
- Complaints it is “not how it used to be”
- Demographic changes
Name China’s Destination and Origin for the environmental consequences of internal migration:
ORIGIN:
- Governments destroy or neglect rural areas/villages
- Incredible environmental destruction.
DESTINATION:
- 20 million new cars on the street each year
- 4 coal power plants per week
- Insane pollution and production of waste.
Name Australia’s Destination and Origin for the environmental consequences of internal migration:
ORIGIN AND DESTINATION:
- Areas grow quickly without government investment
- Causes pollution and deforestation
- Areas become run down because there is a lack of jobs.
