Internal - institutional racism

Question 1

Troyna and Williams

Answer 1

argue to explain differences we need to go beyond teacher racism but wider institutional racism

Question 2

Gillborn - marketisation

Answer 2

argues marketisation allows for schools to be discriminative about school admissions due to the selection of pupils

Question 3

The commission for equality research into the marketisation

Answer 3

Support by The commission for equality research
Noted racism in schools admission procedures so minority groups in unpopular schools
* Reports from primary schools stereotyping
* Racial bias in interviews for schools
* Lack of info and application forms in minority languages
* Ethnic minority parents often unaware of how systems work and deadlines

Question 4

Ball

Answer 4

criticises national curriculum for ignoring ethnic diversity and for promoting an attitude of just england ignoring Asian and Black history altogether

Question 5

Coard

Answer 5

Argues the image of black people as inferior ( ie in colonisation) undermines black pupils self esteem and leads to failure

Question 6

Gilborn - assesment

Answer 6

argues the assessment is rigged to validate the dominant culture superiority
If black students succeed the assessment will be altered
such as baseline assessments are replaced by foundation stage profile

E.g Black pupils had been highest achievers after this was introduced measured lower than whites ]

Explains this occurs due to 2 institutional factors
* FSP based on teachers judgement
* FSP is based at the end of the year when baseline at start
**Argues both these factors increase the risk of teacher stereotyping **

Question 7

Gilborn - setting and streaming

Answer 7

Gifted and talented programme → aim of meeting needs of more able students in inner cities

• Gilborn -> highlights official stats show white 2x more likely than black caribbeans to and 5x black african → labelled gifte

Question 8

Strand study

Answer 8

analysis of a longitudinal study found that white black achievement gap ut maths and science tests at age 14.
* He argued this was due to black pupils being systematically under represented in higher tiers
Ethnic differences in tiers reflect teacher expectations → SFP

Question 9

Gillborn new IQ ism

Answer 9

GILBORN argues that → teachers and policy makers make fake assumptions about pupils ability ‘potential’( he believes their is no genuine measure of potential)
Note that secondary schools are increasingly using IQ tests to allocate pupils in streams

Gillborn concludes that education system is institutionally racist creating an environment in which ethnic minority pupils are routinely disadvantage

Question 10

Gillborn evaluation

Answer 10

• Black boys underachievement → SEWELL rejects the view arguing racism in schools is not strong enough to prevent achievement but need to focus on external factors such as per group, nurturing role of father
• Indian and chinese overachievement → if these two groups do well how can education be institutional racism as critical race theorist claims

Question 12

EVans evaluation

Answer 12

Argues to fully understand the relationship we need to look at how ethnicity class and gender interact