Internal factors - ethnicity Flashcards
What are the 5 internal factors?
- Labelling and teacher racism
- Pupil responses to labelling subcultures
- Ethnocentric curriculum
4.Institutional racism
- Selection and segregation.
LABELLING AND TEACHER RACISM
What is meant by labelling?
Attaching a meaning or definition to a person, which may lead to self fulfilling prophecy.
LABELLING AND TEACHER RACISM
Gillborn
Schools are institutionally racist and have radicalized expectations.
Teachers interpret school policy in a way that disadvantages black pupils.
Conflict between black pupils and teachers is from racial stereotypes not the pupils behaviours.
EXAMPLE - Belief that black pupils will have mire behaviour problems, get excluded or be threatening.
LABELLING AND TEACHER RACISM
According to Gillborn what are black pupils labelled as?
“no hopers” and therefore placed in bottom set.
LABELLING AND TEACHER RACISM
What is evidence of this factor?
(Jasper)
White female teachers are more belikely to teach black pupils in a style less conductive to learning
This is based on expectations of bheaviour
LABELLING AND TEACHER RACISM
What is evidence of this factor?
(Gillborn)
African Caribbean pupils are more likely to be given detentions due to misinterpretations that the pupils were challenging authority with the way they spoke, dress and manner.
LABELLING AND TEACHER RACISM
What is evidence of this factor?
(Wright)
Teacher expectations of Asian pupils - poor grasp of English
Consequences - pupils will be left out of class discussions or teachers use childish language when talking to them.
PUPILS IDENTITIES, SUBCULTURES AND RESPONSES
According to Archer, what is the “ideal pupil”?
White, m/c, masculine identity, achieves in the right way, natural ability and intuitive.
PUPILS IDENTITIES, SUBCULTURES AND RESPONSES
According to Archer, what is the “demonised pupil identity”?
Black/white, w/c, underachiever, unintelligent, peer-led.
PUPILS IDENTITIES, SUBCULTURES AND RESPONSES
According to Archer, what is the “pathologized pupil identity”?
feminised identity, “over-achiever” who achieves through hard work not naturally.
PUPILS IDENTITIES, SUBCULTURES AND RESPONSES
Pathologised pupils are those who are —-
Chinese
PUPILS IDENTITIES, SUBCULTURES AND RESPONSES
Fuller - rejecting labels
Year 11 black girls study
Instead of accepting stereotypes they channelled their anger into the pursuit of the educational system. They created a positive sled image by relying on their own efforts than teacher stereotypes.
PUPILS IDENTITIES, SUBCULTURES AND RESPONSES
Mac and Ghaill
Black and Asian students at sixth form study.
Students who believed teachers had labelled them negatively did not necessarily accept the label.
Resistance with accommodation - girls form together to help each other out with academic work for good marks.
Some students friendly with teachers to avoid conflict.
PUPILS IDENTITIES, SUBCULTURES AND RESPONSES
Criticisms of rejecting labels
Mirza - teaches discouraged black pupils from being ambitious.
- large majority of teachers had racist attitudes.
- colour blind - all pupils are equal but in practice allow racism to go unchallenged.
- liberal chauvinists - teachers who have lower expectations for black students believing they are culturally deprived .
- over-racists - teachers who believe black are inferior and actively discriminate amongst them.
PUPILS IDENTITIES, SUBCULTURES AND RESPONSES
Pupils responses - subcultures
(Sewell)
BOYS RESPONSES
Rebels - visible and influential, reject goals and rules and conform to “black macho lad” stereotype
Retreats - Tiny minority
Conformists - largest group, accept goals and keen to succeed and anxiety over being stereotyped.
Innovators - success but not approval
INSTITUTIONAL RACISM
What is institutional racism?
A form of racism that is embedded in the laws and regulations of a society or organisation.
INSTITUTIONAL RACISM
What does the Critical race theory suggest?
Racism is ingrained in society.
INSTITUTIONAL RACISM
Critical race theory - Troyna and Williams
Schools and colleges routinely and unconsciously discriminate against ethnic minorities.
INSTITUTIONAL RACISM
Critical race theory - individual and institutional racism
Individual - results from prejudice.
Institutional - Descrimination that is built into the way institutions such as schools and colleges operate.
INSTITUTIONAL RACISM
What does Gillborn say about the education system and racism?
“Race inequality is a constant and central feature of the education system. Racism is fundamental defining characteristics of the education system.
INSTITUTIONAL RACISM
What does Gillborn argue?
Marketisation of education ahs led to institutional racism and the underachievement of some ethnic minorities. It also puts ethnic minorities at a disadvantage as schools can be more selective of who they enrol.
INSTITUTIONAL RACISM
What does Moore and Davenport argue?
The admissions procedures favoured white pupils over ethnic minorities.
INSTITUTIONAL RACISM
The commission for Radical Equality
Racist bias in enrolment interviews
Lack of info available in minority languages
Minority parents are often unaware of enrolment procedures.
THE ETHNOCENTRIC CURRICULUM
