External factors - ethnicity Flashcards
What is the cultural deprivation theory?
The underachievement of ethnic groups due to the result of inadequate socialisation.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION (black students)
Intellectual and linguistic skills
Lack of intellectual and linguistic skills causes poor performance at school.
Engelmann - spoken language is inadequate for education success.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION (black students)
Attitudes and values
- Education is not valued.
- Some black children are socialised into a subculture that instils a fatalistic attitude.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION (black students)
Family structure and parental support
- Boys lack a role model.
- Deprives children of care as mothers often have to work long hours due to the absence of the breadwinner.
Murray - high rate of single parent families and lack of positive male role model leads to underachievement.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION (black students)
Sewell (2009)
It is not the absence of fathers but the LACK OF NURTURE from fathers.
Black boys are more likely to form street gangs inspired by anti-school black masculinity and the “ultra tough” ghetto superstar.
Anti-educational peer pressure is a barrier to success that is reinforced by anti-school subcultures which helps explain differences between ethnicities.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION (parental attitudes)
Asian families
-Parents are more likely to support school rules/policies.
-“Asian work ethic” and placing high value on education.
- Students expected to be respectful
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION (parental attitudes)
White w/c families
- Street culture in white w/c areas.
- Poor levels of behaviour due to lack of parental expectations and value of education.
McCulloch - surveyed 16,000 pupils and found ethnic minority pupils had more aspirations to go to uni than white British people.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
Mason and Noon
MASON:
- Racism leads to social exclusion and accordingly poverty.
- This is shown in housing, employment and education.
- Racism also leads to discrimination both inside and outside the classroom.
Noon:
- Sent identical letters to 100 top UK companies but alternated between names “Evans” and “Patel”.
- Replies to “white” canadites were more helpful.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION (cultural backgrounds)
Moon and Ivins - attitudes and values
- Parental involvement with their children’s education was greater among ethnic minority groups.
- This is shown in the fact that w/c Black Caribbean and Asian children are more likely to stay on in higher education.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION (parental attitudes)
Language differences
- 20% of primary aged pupils did not have English as a first language in 2017.
- EAL students often have lower levels of attainment when they initially start school - can cause difficulties when completing school work, restricted code and teachers may mistake language barrier as a lack of ability.
HOWEVER
The Swann Report found that although language can be a barrier initially, data published y the DFE showed that EAL students outperform English native speakers.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION (parental attitudes)
Strand - 4 key factors of resilience of low SES ethnic minority pupils
STRAND - 4 key factors;
1. Strong academic self-concept
2. High levels of motivation and homework completion
3. High educational aspirations by parents and strong “academic press” at home.
4. High educational aspirations on the part of students to continue in education post 16 and to attend uni, placing education in a central role for achieving their future goals.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
The “immigrant paradigm”
Recent immigrants devote themselves more to education that native population as they lack financial capital and see education as a way out of poverty.
HOWEVER
Second or third gen families may hold less optimistic views around social mobility and the transformative possibilities if education.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
EVALUATION
Driver
- Ethnicity can be an advantage in education.
- African Caribbean girls actually do very well in school as well as Asian and Chinese students.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
EVALUATION
Keddie
- To blame culture is to blame the victims of educational failure.
- Institutional racism and processes within schools.
CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
EVALUATION
Connor et al
Some research suggests all minority ethnic groups are enthusiastic about education compared to the white British ethnic minority.
Connor et al - positive attitudes and parental support to education was strongest among Black African students in year 13.
MATERIAL DEPRIVATION
Key concept
Minority ethnic groups are more likely to live in low income households - poverty.
- Ethnic minorities are twice as likely to be unemployed.
- Bangladeshi workers earned under £13 an hour on average.
MATERIAL DEPRIVATION
Indian, Asian and Chinese pupils.
They fall below the national average for those eligible for free school meals.
- They are more likely yo come from professional m/c backgrounds, therefore, gaining benefits that being m/c confers in education.
MATERIAL DEPRIVATION
Pryce
- Asian culture in UK is more cohesive than Black culture - able to ignore racism more effectively and are not as effected by it as much - self esteem (educational failure).
- Black culture - loss of language, religion, ancestory and culture.
MATERIAL DEPRIVATION
Sewell
- Argues Asian families have “pro-school” attitude compared to black families
Lupton suggests the “Adult Authoritarian” Asian families match schools.
MATERIAL DEPRIVATION
Flaherty
15% of minority groups live in overcrowded homes (2% for whites)
Pakistanis are twice as likely to be in semi/un-skilled jobs compared to whites.
RACISM IN WIDER SOCIETY
Mason
“Discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature of the experience of Britain’s citizens of minority ethnic groups”
RACISM IN WIDER SOCIETY
Rex
Racism leads to social exclusion and accordingly poverty. Shown in housing, employment and education.
There is discrimination in and out of the classroom.
RACISM IN WIDER SOCIETY
Key things
- Academic assumptions based on stereotypes.
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