Internal Factors (2) Flashcards
Why is it said that boys lack literacy skills?
Parents spend less time reading to sons, mothers would mainly read so it is seen as a feminine activity.
Boys have different leisure interests to girls e.g. sport and computer games which don’t encourage language and communication skills.
What has globalisation done to tradition men’s jobs?
Presided over the decline and led to much of the manufacturing industry relocating to developing countries.
List two factors that are responsible for gender differences in subject choice.
Early socialisation and gender domains
Gendered subject images
Gender identity and peer pressure
Gendered career opportunities
List two places where early socialisation takes place.
In the family
At school
Leisure reading and subject choice.
What are gender domains?
Tasks and activities that are seen as either male or female ‘territory’.
What are gendered subject images?
Subjects have a gender image, e.g. nursing and females or engineering and men.
What is meant by gender identity and peer pressure?
The pressure put onto boys and girls to conform to the norms of their gender.
What are gendered careers?
Careers that are seen as for men or for women such as nursing for women and construction for men.
What did Connel (1995) say?
School reproduced ‘hegemonic masculinity’.
What is meant by ‘hegemonic masculinity’?
The dominance of heterosexual masculine identity and subordination of female and gay identities.
What do feminists say about school experiences?
They act as a form of social control to reproduce patriarchy.
How does name-calling affect girls?
It puts them down if they behave in a certain way and acts as a form of social control to make them conform to male expectations.
How did Haywood and Mac an Ghaill (1996) say teachers reinforced gender identities?
By telling off boys for behaving like girls and ignoring boys’ verbal abuse of girls.
What is the male gaze and how is it used as a form of social control.
The act of looking girls up and down as sexual objects and boys who don’t do so may be labelled ‘gay’.
