Internal factors

Question 1

What are the internal factors of class and achievement?

Answer 1

Labelling
Setting and streaming
Subcultures
Marketisation policies

Question 2

What is labelling?

Answer 2

When an authority figure (teacher) has an opinion on a person (student) and the person internalises that opinion.

Question 3

How are WC children labelled in education?

Answer 3

WC students are often negatively labelled by their teachers as disruptive and lazy which leads them to developing a self fulfilling prophecy and low self esteem

Question 4

What is a self fulfilling prophecy (labelling)?

Answer 4

Where the student realised their teachers opinion on them so they begin to internalise it

Question 5

What study investigates labelling?

Answer 5

Rosenthal and Jacobson-tested pupils on IQ, picked random 20% told their teachers they’re ‘spurters’, came back in a year and the random 20% made the most progress showing teacher labels affect students

Question 6

A03 for labelling?

Answer 6

Fullers study shows that pupils can reject their label

Question 7

What is setting and streaming?

Answer 7

Pupils are placed into 3 bands based on non-academic information e.g. wether their farthers were non-manual workers

Question 8

What was the 3 bands students could’ve been steamed into?

Answer 8

Band 1- hardworking
Band 2- hardest to teach
Band 3- troublesome

Question 9

Why was the 3 bands taught in different ways?

Answer 9

Due to teacher expectations

Question 10

What did Ball find out?

Answer 10

There was a strong relationship between banding and educational achievement and a relationship between banding and class meaning the WC was put at an educational disadvantage due to setting and streaming

Question 11

Who investigated setting and steaming?

Answer 11

Ball

Question 12

A03 for setting and steaming?

Answer 12

Postmodernists believe CAGE(class,age,gender,ethnicity) is no longer a barrier in education- do we really put students into sets based on their father’s job

Question 13

What are subcultures?

Answer 13

Groups of pupils who value the same things

Question 14

What are the two types of subcultures and whose in them?

Answer 14

Pro school subculture- MC
Anti school subculture- WC

Question 15

Why are subcultures made?

Answer 15

Often a result of labelling- WC make an anti school subculture as being negatively labelled has affected the way they see education

Question 16

What study is an example of an anti-school subculture?

Answer 16

Willis 12 WC lads

Question 17

What was Willis 12 WC lads like?

Answer 17

Rude, disruptive, looked down on teachers and saw through the capitalist system

Question 18

A03 for subcultures

Answer 18

Fullers study shows pupils can reject their label

Question 19

What’s a marketisation policies that specifically talks about league tables?

Answer 19

A-C economy (educational triage)

Question 20

What is the A-C economy?

Answer 20

League tables only show A-C grades and school want to be higher ranked on the leagues tables so they attract more students. So teachers pay attention to the top achieving students

Question 21

In the A-C economy, which students do teachers pay the most attention to?

Answer 21

Top set=A*/A students- given little to no help as they’re guaranteed an A
Middle set=C students- given the most help to ensure they get a C
Bottom set=D- hopeless cases

Question 22

What does the A-C economy mean for WC students?

Answer 22

WC students are labelled as hopeless cases meaning they’re doomed to fail as they’re placed in bottom sets disadvantaging them

Question 23

A03 for marketisation policies?

Answer 23

Is this difference in sets based on class or is it just based on ability because Postmodernists believe CAGE isn’t a factor in education anymore