internal explanations: ethnic differences in achievement

Question 1

what ethnic group do teachers have lower expectations of

Answer 1

black pupils

Question 2

which ethnic group are disproportionally found in lower streams and more likely to be excluded

Answer 2

black pupils

Question 3

What did Gillborn find out about how Black Afro Caribbean students are labelled by teachers

Answer 3

teachers labelled them as unruly, disrespectful and difficult to control. more likely to be given detention to

Question 4

how did labelling make black students feel and their response

Answer 4

underestimated, felt the treatment was unfair, students acted in accordance to thir labels

Question 5

what did teachers view as a challenge to their authority

Answer 5

black pupils speech code

Question 6

What did Mirza find in her study about black female students ?

Answer 6

concerned with academic success and prepared to work hard. They did encounter racism but felt teachers were trying to meet their needs. It was not labelling that held the girls back but was misguided behaviour of many teachers.

Question 7

what does Archer say about teachers discourse

Answer 7

they view ethnic minority pupils as lacking the favoured identity of the ideal pupil. Ethnic minority pupils were categorised into ‘demonized pupil identity’ or ‘pathologized pupil identity’ .

Question 8

in** Archers** study what ethnic group was viewed as the ‘pathologized pupil identity’

Answer 8

Asian girls, described a plodding, conformist and passive. and over achiever succeeding through hard work rather than natural ability.

Question 9

what identities did Archer find teachers had created

Answer 9

pathologized student identity
demonized student identity

Question 10

what were the characteristics of demonized pupil identity

Answer 10

• unintelligent, challenging, peer-led and culturally deprived and underachievers with hyper sexualised identity.

Question 11

in Fullers research what was The pupils response to racism ?

Answer 11

West Indian female students rejected the negative labels. They directed their frustrations and anger towards academic achievement. Their response to racism was pride in their race and gender and working hard to prove their self worth.

Question 12

Evaluate labelling

Answer 12

Labelling does not always create ethnic differences in achievement as in Fullers study the west Indian female student’s were not defined by their labels and were academically successful.
alternatively in Gilborns study black students acted in accordance to labels

Question 13

How does marketisation and selection and segregation impact pupils achievements

Answer 13

1) marketisation gives schools greater scope to select their students, this puts ethnic minorties at disadvantages.
2) Selection gives more scope for the negative steretypes to influence decisions about school admissions.

Question 14

what did the commission for racial equality 1993 find

Answer 14

is evidence of ehtnic bias in British education. Racism in procedures meant that ethniuc minorities were more likely to end up in unpopular schools.

Question 15

How does selection impact students ?

Answer 15

it impacts students as it
-there is more scope for negative stereotypes which impacts decision making
= ethnic minority pupils are more likely to attend unpopular schools.

Question 16

define ethnocentric

Answer 16

An attitude or policy that gives priority to the culture of one particular ethnic group + disregarding other cultures - cultural bias.

Question 17

How does Williams describe the curriculum in British schools ?

Answer 17

William describes the cirruculem as ehtnocentric as it gives priority to white culture and English language.

Question 18

What does Coard argue about British education giving priority to white culture and English language ?

Answer 18

1)Makes black children feel inferior
2)ignores black people and their experiences
3)creates a negative slef concept