ethnic differences in achievemnt- external explanation Flashcards
which ethnic group has the highest GCSE grades
Chinese
what ethnic group has the poorest GCSE results
Black afro carribean
what percentage of chinese students taking heir GCSES go on to university
75%
what percentage of black Caribbean students taking their GCSES go on to university
37%
which ethnic group has improved their attainment over time ?
all ethnic groups
name a pattern and trend in the educational achievement of ethnic groups
- there are differences in achievement between ethnic groups, e.g. Chinese pupils do better than black pupils.
what is the largest predictor of educational achievement
social class e.g. middle to lower class
what did Hasting (2006) say about white pupils ?
- white pupils make less progress between 11-16 than black or Asian pupils.
It is possible white students may become the worst performing ethnic group in the country .
name external factors that affect achievement amongst ethnic groups
cultural deprivation :
1) linguistic skills
2) attitudes and values
3) family structure and parental support
material deprivation
racism in wider society
How do intellectual and linguistic skills create differences in achievement amongst ethnic groups
Lack of intellectual and language skills creates underachievement.
Many children from black families lack intellectual stimulation from parents and enriching experiences. this prevents development of reasoning skills and problem solving skills.
What do Breiter and englemann argue about languages spoken by BME
they argue the language spoken by black American families is inadequate for achieving educational success. its is ‘ungrammatical disjointed and lacks abstract ideas’
what are some reasons for ethnic minorities facing material deprivation
unemployment
low pay
overcrowding
economically depressed areas
lack of linguistic skills
foreign qualifications not recognised in UK
racial discrimination in the job market
what percentage of social class accounts for the differences in achievement between ethnic groups
50%
what did** Flaherty** find out about Pakistani and Bangladeshi’s ?
. Pakistanis and Bangladeshis are over x3 times more likely than whites to be in the** 1/5** of the population
. 15% of ethnic households live in overcrowded conditions compared to 2% of whites
What did Palmer find about** ethnic minority children** ?
1/2 of minority children live in low income households.
what is a criticism of material deprivation ?
black middle class students do poorly at GCSE in comparison to white students. This suggests material deprivation is not the only explanation for differences in achievement
**what was Iresons and Rutherfords evaluation point
ethnic minority parents from higher social economic backgrounds can afford to hire private tutors for their children, this proves money is an advantage
how are ethnic minorities impacted by wider racism
more likely to face unemployment
more likely to face low pay
name the internal factors which impact educational achievement among ethnic groups
1) labelling, pupil identities, pupil responses and subcultures
2) institutionalised racism: marketisation, ethnocentric curriculum
3) assessment
4) access to opportunities
What does Moynihan argue about family structure in BME
-Argues that Black families a headed by lone mothers, face financial issues and a re denied a male role-model.
-He saw that social deprivation was a cycle of inadequately socialized children being sent to school and failing and going on to become inadequate parents themselves.
What does Sewell argue about the family structure of BME ?
1) it is not an absence of fathers that cause underachievement but a lack of a nurturing parent who presents ‘tough love’
2) ‘black boys’ may struggle with emotional and behavioral difficulties and turn towards street gangs of other fatherless boys who offer ‘preserved loyalty and love’
Explain the attitudes and values of BME students
Black children have been** socialized** into a subculture that instils fatalistic attitude and immediate gratification. This discourages them from** valuing education** and leaves them unequipped for school.
Why does Sewell believe black pupils do worse than Asian peers
he argues black students do worse than Asian peers because of** cultural differences** in socialization and** attitudes to education.**
Asian peers are deemed to be ‘clocking up educational hours’
what did Sewell find when he interviewed BME students ?
Sewell argued that the greatest barrier to success was pressure from other boys, speaking in **standard English **and achieving in school were viewed with hostility and seen as selling out to the white establishment.
