internal energy Flashcards
what energy is stored in particle when they vibrate or move
kinetic energy
what are the forces in particles called
the potential energy
intermolecular forces
if they’re a molecule they will have chemical bonds
what is meant by internal energy
the energy stored in a system by the particles
what is the internal energy the total of?
internal energy is the total kinetic energy and potential energy of all the particles (atoms and molecules) that make up a system.
if we heat a solid, what is increased?
what do we call this
the internal energy
this is called melting because the solid can at some point turn into a liquid
what happens when we continue to heat a liquid
When we continue to heat the liquid, again we continue to increase internal energy. At some point the liquid will turn to a gas (boiling)
what happens when we cook a gas down
if we cool the gas down again, then we reduce the internal energy. At some point, the gas turns back into a liquid (condensation)
since when we cool a liquid down further
Then we reduce the internal energy even more. Eventually, the liquid tends to a solid (freezing)
What is sublimation
where a solid content directly to a gas
It’s called when a solid content directly to a gas
sublimation
when Changes of state to take place what is always conserved and explain this
mass is always conserved.
we’re not adding or taking away any particles
what type of changes are changes of state
changes of state or physical changes not chemical changes. If we reverse the change, the material recovers its original properties
what is evaporation and when does this only occur
on the surface of a liquid
which particles in a liquid can turn into a gas and why
only the particles on the surface have enough energy to turn into a gas
what is internal energy
internal energy is the energy stored inside a system by the particles. This includes the kinetic energy of the particles (due to the movement) and the potential energy of the particles (due to forces between particles and also the bonds between atoms in a molecule)
