Internal and International Migration Flashcards
Define migration
Migration is the movement of people from one place to another to take up permanent or semi-permanent residence.
Define internal migration
Internal migration is migration within a country.
Define voluntary migration
Voluntary migration – people who are free to choose when and where they move. Most people who move within Australia are voluntary migrants.
Define rural to urban migration
Rural-to-urban migration is defined as the movement of people from the countryside to the city. This type of migration is not confined to certain areas of the world; it is evident in both developed and developing countries.
What type of migrants move within Australia the most?
Most people who move within Australia are voluntary migrants.
Provide statistics of internal migration
Statistics show that more than 40% of Australians will move home once every five years and 15% will move at least three times in that same period.
Define push factors
Push factors are those that encourage a population to leave its home
Define pull factors
Pull factors are those that draw a population to another area or place.
Examples of pull and push factors in internal migration
Pull: Affordable housing Climate Lifestyle Job opportunities/employment Good schools and hospitals Family and friends Push:Lack of employment opportunities High cost of living Climate
Significant trends of internal migration
Australia’s four largest cities and the areas surrounding them were growing more rapidly than the rest of Australia.
Increase in Western Australia’s population is partially due to workers migrating because of job opportunities in the mining industry.
The fast growing areas on the edge of major cities can be explained by more land available for housing estates.
Chasing sunshine – there has been substantial growth in Queensland’s coastal areas.
3 trends of internal migration
Sea Change this where individuals abandon the city for a perceived easier life in rural coastal communities.
Tree Change the described move from city living to a more rural/country setting.
FIFO – stands for fly in fly out worker. These workers don’t move permanently to their place of work but fly into the work site to complete work, usually one to two weeks, where they are provided with accommodation, recreation facilities and meals.
List effect of sea changes on coastal communities
The popularity of sea changes in Australia is presenting many challenges for coastal councils.
Population growth has meant an increasing demand for infrastructure and services.
Infrastructure such as new hospitals, sewerage systems, water resources, roads and schools.
In the past, it took between 50 and 100 years for a small coastal town to grow into a larger regional centre. Today the same growth is taking place over 5 to 10 years.
Careful planning is needed if these communities are to retain their lifestyle attractions that ‘pull’ increasing number of people there in the first place.
What was the ‘Country Town Rescue’ initiative in Trundle?
A number of small regional towns have been leasing houses at a reduced rate to help support their communities that are struggling with a declining population.
Country Town Rescue followed the experience of five families that relocated to Trundle to take advantage of regional living and a dollar a week rent.
The experiences of each of the families was wholly unique. Some thrived in their new town while others struggled to make the transition.
The show explores the very real challenges that come from this type of move. Showing that regional living is not for everyone and that such a significant change like this needs considerable thought and planning. Real considerations such as employment and access to services are addressed in the series.
The success of some families highlights the many advantages of regional living, particularly for young families.
Trundle is just one of many towns that have used the ‘rent a farmhouse’ initiative. Although different communities have adapted the approach to suit their region, typically the initiative is aimed at community-minded young families.
The ‘rent a farmhouse’ initiative gives young families the opportunity to try regional living without the large financial commitment of purchasing a house, or expensive rent. It also brings the local community together, encouraging them to welcome new residents and help them settle into the town.
Country Town Rescue also showed that initiatives like this can be important for boosting local morale.
Reason for migrants travelling to WA
WA is rich in minerals such as iron ore.
A mining boom was created by China’s modernisation.
Many workers from all over Australia arrived to work in mining related industries in WA.
What does forced migration refer to?
Refugees and displaced people
What is the difference between intrastate, interstate and international?
Intrastate:between regions within a state or territory
Interstate: between states or territories within a country
International: between countries.
Proportion of immigrants originating from other countries
Now a large proportion of immigrants (34%) originate from a diverse range of ‘other countries’.
What did the White Australia Policy do?
It ensured that immigrants were from European, largely Anglo-Celtic backgrounds. Britain and other European countries were, as a result, the major sources of immigration to Australia during this period.
