Internal And Extenal Factor that Affect Social Class Flashcards
What External factors affect social class?
Cultural deprivation
Material Deprivation
What Internal Factors affect Social Class?
Labelling
The self-fulfilling prophecy
Streaming
Pupil Subcultures
Pupil class identites and the school
What is Language Codes (External Factor)?
Bernstein say there is two distinct language codes:
-Restrict code-Limited vocabulary used by working class
-Elobarated Code-More detailed used by middle class
Education uses elaborated code mostly and this will give middle class an advantage
What is Barry Sugarman 4 Subcultures?
Barry Sugarman proposed 4 barriers for working class?
-Fatalism
-Collectivism
-Immediate gratification
-Present-time
What is Parent education and attitudes affect achievement?
•Douglas-Found working class parents place less value on education therefore children will be less ambitious and less encourage on their education
•Bernstein and Young found middle class mothers are more likely to give educational toys and books that stimulate their children mind
How does Housing affect achievement (External Factor)?
•WC its common for overcrowding which will have an impact on children study at home no space to study
•This would mean their would be greater risk of suffering indirect effects such as likelihood of accident due to overcrowding causing psychological distress from moving around leading to school absence
How does Diet and Health affect achievement (External Factor)?
-young people in poorer homes have lower intake of vitamins and minerals this can mean they might lack of concentration in school
-children low background more likely engage disrupt behivours e.g. fighting disrupt school
How does Lack of Financial support and Fear of Debt affect achievement (External Factor)?
-David Bull describes ‘the costs of free schooling’ refers to families having to do without equipment also miss out on trips which could enhance their education achievements as a result poorer children might use cheaper equipment which leads to being bullied by peers
-Poverty is a barrier into learning as WC may be in able to afford private schooling as lack funds
-WC tend to choose university near home so they can save money by living at home.This less chance of going to higher university status were likely to work part time and studied which mean less likely to gain higher degree
What is Labelling Theory (Internal Factor)?
-Becker found Labelling theory-teachers may attach meaning to a pupil and label them as bright or thick
-Studies show teacher attach labels based on stereotyped assumptions about their class background and not their academic ability e.g. labelling negatively towards WC and positively towards MC
What does Becker evidence of Labelling theory?
Becker found that teachers would label pupils based on how close they came to fitting the ‘ideal pupil’
What is Self-fulfilling Prophecy (Internal Factor)?
When students take on the label that is attributed to them by the teacher or school.This either be positive or negative label
What is Streaming (Internal Factor)?
-WC children tend to be streamed into lower abilty class on the otherhand MC tend to be streamed into higher ability classes
-Keddie found students in lower sets were given less challenging work,entered lower tier exams, discourage about future aspirations and were given ‘dumb down resources’ but students in higher sets were given challenging work, positive reinforcement and higher tier exams
What was Gillborn and Youdell evidence on streaming?
Teachers were likely to see WC children as having low ability as a result these students were more likely to be placed in lower streams and entered for lower GCSE.This Publishing of League tables has led to the ‘A-C economy’ where schools focus their time,effort and resources on those pupils that have the potential to get 5 grade to boost school league table position. They call this educational triage where students are sorted into 3 groups
What is Gillborn and Youdell educational triage where students are ‘sorted’ into 3 groups?
-Those who will pass anyway can be left to get on with it
-Those with potential who will be helped to get a grade C or better
-Hopelss cases are doomed to fail
What is Pupil Subculture (Internal Factor)?
Pupil subcultures often emerge as a response to ways pupils have been labelled
-Pro-school Subculture-MC remain committed to school values
-Anti-School Subculture-WC suffer a loss of self-esteem thinking they are inferior status so they seek alternative eays ways to gain status e.g smoking, rude to teachers
