intermolecular forces and solids Flashcards
Intermolecular forces are____
forces that occur between molecules
Intramolecular forces are ______
forces that occur in molecules
The strongest intermolecular force is
ion-ion force
What intermolecular force binds ions into crystals?
ion-ion force
Which is stronger: intermolecular or intramolecular?
intramolecular is stronger
What does ion-ion bonding depend on?
It depends on the charge and distance. The higher that charge, the stronger the bond, and the larger the distance, the weaker the bond.
What is a dipole?
A dipole is a permanent distortion in electron that causes partial charges on different ends or poles of the molecule.
The strength of an ion-dipole is dependent on?
The strength of an ion-dipole is dependent on the charge and the radius of the atoms/molecules
heat of hydration
the energy it takes to add water to a system
relationship between heat of hydration and strength of ion-dipole
the stronger the ion-dipole, the more heat of hydration is present
Dipole-dipole interaction
this occurs between a dipole molecule and another dipole. The positive end of one orients itself so that it attracts the negative of the other.
strength of dipole-dipole depends on?
the strength depends on the magnitude. The bigger the dipole, the stronger the interaction
Hydrogen bonding
a hydrogen bond is a special type of dipole-dipole. This occurs when hydrogen bonds to a very electronegative atom/molecules that take so much of its electron that it is almost a proton.
What electronegative atoms/molecules can hydrogen bond?
Fluorine, oxygen, and nitrogen (FON)
Relationship between melting/boiling points with the strength of interaction
The stronger the interaction, the higher the boiling or melting point.
Induced dipoles
These are temporary dipoles.
ion-induced dipole
This occurs when an ion approaches a nonpolar substance and causes it to form a temporary dipole
dipole-induced dipole
This occurs when a dipole approached a nonpolar substance and causes it to form a temporary dipole
induced dipole-induced dipole
This occurs when an induced dipole approaches a nonpolar substance and causes sit to form a temporary dipole. They are also known as Lizard Dispersion forces
Strength of induced dipoles
The strength of an induced dipole is dependent on the size of the atom/molecule
Arrange the intermolecular forces from strongest to weakest.
ion-ion> ion-dipole> hydrogen bonding> dipole-dipole> ion-induced dipole> dipole-induced dipole> induced dipole-induced dipole
crystalline solid
it is an ordered arrangement of repeated unit cells that have a lattice
amorphous solid
it is a solid that has no repeated array. It has no lattice
unit cell
it is the basic repeatable structure of a crystal
coordination number
number of atoms that surround a given atom in a lattice
what are the 3 types of a simple cubic unit cell
simple cubic, body-centered, face-centered
the edge length of a simple cubic
2r
the coordination number of a simple cubic
6
atom per unit cell of simple cubic
1
edge length of body-centered
4r/square root 3
coordination number of body-centered
8
atom per unit cell of body-centered
2
edge length of face-centered
squareroot 8 *r
coordination number of face-centered
12
atom per unit cell of face-centered
4
what is the angle of a simple cubic unit cell
90
