Intermolecular Forces Flashcards
Hydrogen bonds
Electrostatic attraction between opposite partial charges (only O-H or N-H) , associated w/ polar molecules.
Van der Waals interaction
Electrostatic attraction between induced dipoles.
Induced dipoles
2 atoms being pushed very close to induced the electrons to go to one side e protons to the other side being attracted to the protons and/or electrons of the other atom
Nonpolar covalent bond
No net charge, usually the electronegative force is similar to both/all atom. Like C-H and C-S
Polar covalent bond
One element is more electronegative than the other. So electrons are unequally shared
Ionic bonds
Lose or gain of electrons by ions w/ opposite charges to balance each other, strong when dry and weak in water
Ion
Element have a net charge
Anion
Negative ion formed by gaining of electrons
Cation
Positive ion formed by losing electrons
Dipole
One side of atom is more negative and the other is more positive
Partial charge
One side of atom have more electrons than the other side, or in covalent bonds one atom is more electronegative than the other, so electrons tend to spend more time around the more electronegative element
3 Types of forces
Ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals interaction
Forming weak bonds (lose or gain energy?)
Releases energy
Breaking weak bonds (lose or gain energy?)
Requires energy
Melting/Boiling (do to weak bonds)
Breaks all weak bonds holding molecule to molecules
