Electrons, Energy Shells, And Orbitals

Question 1

Characteristics of The Bohr model (location of protons, neutros, and electrons)

Answer 1

Protons and neutrons are located in the center and electrons are located orbiting the center.

Question 2

The orbits form?

Answer 2

Electron shells or energy levels

Question 3

How are the energy levels sorted?

Answer 3

1n, 2n, 3n ………

Question 4

Which orbitals electrons fill out first?

Answer 4

The inner shells are filled first

Question 5

Does orbitals have the same energy? And how are they sorted?

Answer 5

Yes and no. Orbitals of increasing energy further from nucleus, and equal energy will be filled one electron in each energy level before add second energy level.

Question 6

Which electron or electrons determine the energetic stability of the atom and tendency to form chemical bonds?

Answer 6

Electrons of the outermost energy level

Question 7

Octet rule

Answer 7

Atoms are more stable energetically w/ 8 electrons in their valence shell

Question 8

Valence shell

Answer 8

Outermost electron shell (holds valence electrons)

Question 9

Inert gases or noble gases

Answer 9

Group 18 of the periodic table w/ 8 electrons in valence shell. Very stable

Question 10

of electrons in group 1 of periodic table

Answer 10

1 electron in valence shell

Question 11

of electrons in group 2 of periodic table

Answer 11

2 electrons in valence shell

Question 12

of electrons in group 13 of periodic table

Answer 12

3 electrons in valence shell

Question 13

of electrons in group 14 of periodic table

Answer 13

4 electrons in valence shell

Question 14

of electrons in group 15 of periodic table

Answer 14

5 electrons in valence shell

Question 15

of electrons in group 16 of periodic table

Answer 15

6 electrons in valence shell

Question 16

of electrons in group 17 of periodic table

Answer 16

7 electrons in valence shell

Question 17

of electrons in group 18 of periodic table

Answer 17

8 electrons in valence shell (noble gases)

Question 18

To achieve stable configuration and fill outer shell

Answer 18

Stability can be achieved by donating or sharing electrons

Question 19

Positively charged ions

Answer 19

Means that there are more protons than electrons in the atom or molecule

Question 20

Negatively charged ions

Answer 20

There are more electrons than protons in the atom or molecule

Question 21

How electrons behave around nucleus? What is the shape they form?

Answer 21

They behave not just like particles, but also like waves w/ complex shapes

Question 22

Do electrons circle the nucleus like earth orbits the sun?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

Name of subshells

Answer 23

s, p, d, and f.

Question 24

s orbital

Answer 24

Spherical and has one orbital

Question 25

1n shell (characteristics)

Answer 25

Has only 1s orbital that holds 2 electrons

Question 26

2n shell (characteristics)

Answer 26

Has 1s and 1p subshell holds 8 electrons

Question 27

p orbitals

Answer 27

Three dumbbell-shaped orbitals

Question 28

d orbitals

Answer 28

Complex shapes 5 orbitals

Question 29

f orbitals

Answer 29

Complex shapes and 7 orbitals

Question 30

3n shell (characteristics)

Answer 30

Has s, p, and d subshells and hold 18 electrons

Question 31

4n shell (characteristics)

Answer 31

Has s, p, d, and f orbitals and hold 32 electrons

Question 32

of electrons in each subshell (s, p, d, and f)

Answer 32

s=2, p=6, d=10, and f=14

Question 33

Electron orbitals (configuration)

Answer 33

1s^2
2s^2, 2p^6
3s^2, 3p^6, 3d^10
4s^2, 4p^6, 4d^10, 4f^14
5s^2, 5p^6, 5d^10, 5f^14
6s^2, 6p^6, 6d^10
7s^2, 7p^6

Question 34

Shells near the nucleus (energy)

Answer 34

Lower energy

Question 35

Does electrons always stay on the same shell?

Answer 35

No, they can jump w/ enough energy

Question 36

Electromagnetic waves

Answer 36

Traveling energy formed by oscillating electrical and magnetic waves

Question 37

Types of electromagnetic waves

Answer 37

gamma rays, x-rays, ultraviolet and visible light, infrared microwave, and radio waves.

Question 38

How is the wave defined?

Answer 38

By its wavelength

Question 39

Which wavelength carry more energy?

Answer 39

Smaller wavelength carry more energy

Question 40

Absorbance (light/electron interaction)

Answer 40

Conversion of wavelength of light into energy to excite an electron to higher shell. (Color results from absorption of light)

Question 41

Excitation (light/electron interaction)

Answer 41

Movement of electron to higher energy shell. (Quantum process, only a specific wavelength is accepted)

Question 42

Relaxation (light/electron interaction)

Answer 42

Movement of excited election to its ground state (energy is emitted)

Question 43

Fluorescence (light/electron interaction)

Answer 43

Emission of light wave from relaxing electrons.

Question 44

Emission wavelength and absorbed wavelength

Answer 44

Emission wavelength is typically longer wavelength/lower energy than absorbed wavelength

Question 45

Orbitals

Answer 45

Probably where electron is 95%of the time, have different shapes and sizes, each orbitals can hold 2 electrons, lower energy orbitals are filled first, and all orbitals w/ same energy level are occupied w/ 1 electron before filling w/ the second.

Question 46

Shells are like?

Answer 46

Buildings (n=1, n=2, n=3,…, n=7)

Question 47

Subshells are like?

Answer 47

Floors (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 3d, 4s, 4p, 4d, 4f,…,7p)

Question 48

Orbitals are like?

Answer 48

Rooms to two people only (ex.: s=1, p=3, d=5, f=7)

Question 49

Spin is like?

Answer 49

Beds (-1/2) (1/2)…..

Question 50

Valence electrons

Answer 50

Electrons in outermost shell

Question 51

Ionization

Answer 51

Loss or gain of electrons in outer shell

Question 52

Covalent bonding

Answer 52

Sharing or unpaired electron in outer shell