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RSFC Y12 CHEM 2023 > Intermolecular Forces > Flashcards

Intermolecular Forces Flashcards

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1
Q

Which substances have intermolecular forces between molecules?

A

Simple molecules

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2
Q

Are intermolecular forces strong or weak?

A

Weak

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3
Q

What are the three types of intermolecular forces?

A

Hydrogen bonding, Permanent dipole-dipole, Induced dipole-dipole

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4
Q

Which is the strongest type of intermolecular force?

A

Hydrogen bonding

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5
Q

Which is the weakest type of intermolecular force?

A

Induced dipole-dipole

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6
Q

When is a molecule non-polar?

A

Molecule is symmetrical,
Dipoles cancel out

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7
Q

When is a molecule polar?

A

Molecule is not symmetrical.
Dipoles do not cancel out.

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8
Q

When substances with a simple molecular structure are melted or boiled what is broken?

A

Weak intermolecular forces are broken

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9
Q

Do simple molecules have a high melting point or a low melting point?

A

Low. The weak intermolecular forces between molecules are broken.

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10
Q

What is the strongest intermolecular force between polar molecules?

A

Permanent dipole-dipole

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11
Q

What is the strongest intermolecular force between non-polar molecules?

A

Induced dipole-dipole

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12
Q

What is the strongest type of intermolecular force between simple molecules that have a H bonded to an N, O or F?

A

Hydrogen bonding

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13
Q

How do you know if simple molecules have hydrogen bonding between them?

A
  • They have a H bonded to an N, O or F.
  • A lone pair of electrons on the fluorine, oxygen or nitrogen
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14
Q

Hydrogen bonding is the strongest type of intermolecular force, true or false?

A

True

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15
Q

Induced dipole-dipole is the weakest type of intermolecular force, true or false?

A

True

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16
Q

Explain how is an induced dipole-dipole intermolecular force is formed between 2 non-polar molecules.

A
  • Random movement of electrons in one molecule (atom) leads to an…
    Uneven distribution of electron, creating a…
  • Temporary dipole in one molecule (atom). This…
  • Induces a dipole in a neighboring molecule (atom).
  • Dipoles attract
17
Q

If the strongest intermolecular force between molecules is Hydrogen bonding, which other intermolecular forces do they also have?

A

Permanent dipole-dipole and Induced dipole-dipole

18
Q

If the strongest intermolecular force between molecules is permanent dipole-dipole, which other intermolecular force do they also have?

A

Induced dipole-dipole

19
Q

Non-polar molecules only have induced dipole-dipole forces between molecules, true or false?

A

True

20
Q

What increases the strength of induced dipole-dipole forces?

A

More electrons
More surface contact area

21
Q

Which has stronger induced dipole-dipole, Cl2 or Br2 ?

A

Br2. It has more electrons

22
Q

Which has stronger induced dipole-dipole, F2 or I2 ?

A

I2. It has more electrons

23
Q

Which has stronger induced dipole-dipole, S8 or P4 ?

A

P4. Bigger molecules so has more electrons

24
Q

Which has stronger induced dipole-dipole, C3H8 or C4H10?

A

C4H10. Bigger molecules so has more electrons

25
Q

Which has a higher boiling point, Cl2 or Br2 ?

A

Br2. It has more electrons so stronger induced dipole-dipole.

26
Q

Which has a higher boiling point, F2 or I2 ?

A

I2. It has more electrons so stronger induced dipole-dipole.

27
Q

Is CCl4 polar or non-polar molecule? (Clue: Draw it out with partial charges.)

A

Non-polar
Symmetrical molecule
Dipoles cancel out

28
Q

Is CHCl3 polar or non-polar molecule? (Clue: Draw it out with partial charges.

A

Polar
Not symmetrical molecule
Dipoles do not cancel out

29
Q

Why does HBr have a higher boiling point than HCl?

A

Both polar molecules
Strongest intermolecular force is permanent dipole-dipole.
They will also have induced dipole-dipole.
HBr has more electrons that HCl, stronger induced dipole-dipole attraction.

30
Q

Why does HI have a higher boiling point than HCl?

A

Both polar molecules
Strongest intermolecular force is permanent dipole-dipole.
It will also have induced dipole-dipole.
HI has more electrons that HCl, stronger induced dipole-dipole attraction.

31
Q

Why does HI have a higher boiling point than HF?

A

Both polar molecules
Strongest intermolecular force is permanent dipole-dipole.
It will also have induced dipole-dipole.
HI has more electrons that HF, stronger induced dipole-dipole attraction.

32
Q

Would the molecule be polar or non-polar if it is symmetrical and
dipoles cancel out?

A

Non-polar

33
Q

Would the molecule be polar or non-polar if it is not symmetrical and
dipoles do not cancel out?

A

Polar

34
Q

Which molecules would have a higher melting point?
Molecules with hydrogen bonding between molecules or
Molecules with Induced dipole-dipole forces between molecules.

A

Molecules with hydrogen bonding between molecules. Hydrogen bonding would require more energy to break the intermolecular forces.

35
Q

Correct the following statement:
Simple molecules have low melting points as they have intermolecular forces which require less energy to break the bonds

A

Simple molecules have low melting points as they have intermolecular forces BETWEEN MOLECULES which require less energy to break the FORCES

36
Q

Correct the following statements:
Cl2 has a lower boiling point than HF. Cl2 has induced dipole-dipole forces and HF has hydrogen bonding. induced dipole-dipole is weaker than hydrogen bonding. Less energy is require the break the bonds between Cl2.

A

Cl2 has a lower boiling point than HF. Cl2 has induced dipole-dipole forces between molecules and HF has hydrogen bonding between molecules. induced dipole-dipole forces are weaker than hydrogen bonding. Less energy is require the break the forces between Cl2.

37
Q

How does permenant dipole-dipole arise

A
  • Difference in electronegativity leads to bond polarity
    Dipoles don’t cancel therefore the molecule has an overall permanent dipole
  • There is an attraction between ∂+ on one molecule and ∂− on another

RSFC Y12 CHEM 2023 (11 decks)

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