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Sữa > Intermediate (Part 1) > Flashcards

Intermediate (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

foreign

A

from a country that is not your own (a person is a foreigner).

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2
Q

gist

A

The gist of sth is the general meaning but not all the detail

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3
Q

text

A

the written part of a book, newspaper, ect.

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4
Q

recognize sb/sth

A

know who sb is or what sth is because you’ve seen or heard them before
Reconization (n)

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5
Q

go through sth

A

read sth carefully from beginning to end

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6
Q

identify sth

A

recognize sth and decide what it is.

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7
Q

guess sth

A

give an answer to sth without being sure of the facts.
Guess (n)

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8
Q

context

A

the words before and after the new word or phrase that help you to understand the meaning

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9
Q

keep a record of sth

A

write sth down to help you remember it.
Record sth (v)

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10
Q

make a note of sth

A

write sth down quickly to help you remember it

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11
Q

construction

A

the way words are used together in a sentence.
Contruct sth (v)

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12
Q

translation

A

a text that has been changed from one language into another.
translate sth (v)

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13
Q

Tips for reading

A

when you are reading in a foreign language, you should try to get the gist of the text. You will meet vocabulary you don’t recognize, but you can often go through the text again. If so, try this:
(1) identify the new words and phrases which seem to be important. Try to guess the meaning from the context, and/or use a dictionary.

(2) Keep a record of the words in a notebook, and, if possible, make a note of any special information.

(3) Write a translation if you think it helps; sometimes it isn’t necessary.

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14
Q

formal

A

we use formal language to appear serious or official, or sometimes when we don’t know people well.
OPP informal
formality (n)
OPP informality

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15
Q

repeat sth

A

say sth again
repetition (n)

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16
Q

explain sth

A

make sth clear or easy to understand.
Explaination (N)

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17
Q

pronounce sth

A

make the sound of a word or letter
Pronounciation (n)

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18
Q

opportunity

A

a time when it is possible to do sth that you want to do
SYN chance

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19
Q

experiment with sth

A

try sth to see what result it has

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20
Q

make mistakes

A

ko đc viết là do mistakes/ NOT do mistakes

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21
Q

revise sth

A

study sth again (you do revision)

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22
Q

method

A

a way of doing sth

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23
Q

work

A

get or have the result you want

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24
Q

I can describe my progress and aims

A
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25
Q

enthusiastic

A

very interested in sth or excited by it.
enthusiasm (n)

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26
Q

motivated

A

if you are motivated, you really want to do sth.
motivation (n)

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27
Q

after a while

A

after a period of time

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28
Q

improve

A

become better
SYNS get better, make progress.
Improvement (n)

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29
Q

express sth

A

say or show what you think or feel

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30
Q

effectively

A

in a way that gives you the result you want.
effective (adj)

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31
Q

obvious

A

easily seen and understood.
SYN clear

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32
Q

encouraging

A

if sth is encouraging, it gives you hope and makes you want to continue.
Encourage (v)
Encouragement (n)

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33
Q

accurately

A

with no mistakes
accurate (adj)

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34
Q

be aware of sth

A

if you are aware of sth, you know about it

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35
Q

frustrating

A

making you annoyed because you cannot do sth you want to do.
frustration (n)

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36
Q

Making progress
When I started learning English, I was very enthusiastic and motivated, but I found the pronunciation difficult and people couldn’t always understand me. After a while, my pronunciation improved and I was able to express basic ideas quite effectively. It was obvious that I was getting better, and that was very encouraging. But at intermediate level, I made slow progress. There were so many new words and phrases, but also words that I could understand but couldn’t use accurately. I think I was more aware of my mistakes, which was good - but also frustrating.

A
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37
Q

goal

A

a thing you want to be able to do in the future

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38
Q

everyday

A

normal or usual

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39
Q

expand

A

become bigger or make sth bigger

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40
Q

a wide range

A

a large number of different things

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41
Q

complex

A

not simple; often difficult to understand
SYN complicated

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42
Q

fluent

A

able to speak a foreign language easily and well.
Fluently (adv)

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43
Q

in detail

A

fully and including a lot of information

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44
Q

appropriate

A

right or suitable in a particular situation
OPP inappropriate

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45
Q

relevant to sth

A

useful for and connected to sth
OPP irrelevant

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46
Q

specialized

A

having or needing a lot of special knowledge

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47
Q

contain and include

A

we can often use contain or include with the same meaning.
The film contains/includes scenes of violence.
Sometimes we can only use of the verbs.
The box contains magazines. (There are magazines inside the box)
The price includes service. (Service is one part of the price).

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48
Q

P’s goals
I understand everyday English, but my vocabulary needs to expand so that I can understand a wide range of subjects, and express more complex ideas.

I’d like to be more fluent when I’m speaking, and be able to talk about things in more detail. And I need to get better at using appropriate language when I speak.

I can understand general things, but I want to read texts that are relevant to my work, and some of these contain quite specialized language.

A
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49
Q

I can understand a learner’s dictionary

A
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50
Q

definition

A

an exact statement of what a word or phrase means.
define sth (v)

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51
Q

avoid doing sth

A

if you avoid doing sth, you try not to do or experience it.

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52
Q

idiom

A

a group of words whose meaning is different from the meanings of the individual words (also expression)

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53
Q

entry

A

one of a list of items included in a dictionary, list, ect.

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54
Q

provide sth

A

give sth to sb or make sth available for sb

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55
Q

style

A

the way sth is written or spoken
(e.g. an informal style, a formal style)

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56
Q

for instance

A

SYN for example

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57
Q

slang

A

very informal words or phrases used in spoken language.

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58
Q

offensive

A

rude and likely to upset sb.
offend sb (v)

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59
Q

symbol

A

a letter, number, or sign that has a particular meaning

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60
Q

syllable

A

a part of a word which contains a vowel sound.
(Go has one syllable and prefer has two syllables)

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61
Q

relate sth to sth

A

connect sth to sth
related (adj)

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62
Q

build sth

A

make sth bigger, increase sth

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63
Q

select sth

A

SYN choose sth
(but select is more formal)
Selection (n)

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64
Q

stress and emphasize
Both verbs mean to say a syllable, word, or phrase with extra loudness.
The related nouns are stress (on sth) and emphasis (on sth).
The stress is on the first syllable. Don’t emphasize every word.
They are also used to say that sth is important.
The newspaper stressed the need for urgent action.
The emphasis is mainly on education.

A
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65
Q

I can talk about English puntuation

A
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66
Q

full stop

A

.

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67
Q

comma

A

,

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68
Q

colon

A
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69
Q

:

A
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70
Q

semicolon

A

;

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71
Q

question mark

A

?

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72
Q

exclamation mark

A

!

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73
Q

apostrophe

A

’

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74
Q

hyphen

A
  • gạch nối
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75
Q

dash

A

dấu gạch ngang

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76
Q

brackets

A

()

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77
Q

slash

A

/

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78
Q

quotation marks

A

’ ‘ “ “

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79
Q

punctuation rules

A
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80
Q

abbreviation

A

a short form of a word (e.g. a.m is an abbreviation meaning ‘in the morning).

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81
Q

capital letter

A

A, B, C are capital letters (a, b, c are small letters)

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82
Q

pause

A

a short period of time when sb stops talking.

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83
Q

separate sb/sth

A

keep people or things away from each other.
SYN divide sb/sth

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84
Q

list

A

a series of names, items, or numbers /
(e.g. shopping list, a list of countries).

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85
Q

omit sth

A

if you omit sth, you don’t include it.
SYN leave sth out

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86
Q

interrupt sth

A

occur in the middle of sth and stop it continuing.

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87
Q

details

A

small pieces of information about sth

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88
Q

instead of sb/sth

A

put two or more things together
SYN join sth

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89
Q

such as

A

you use such as to introduce an example,
SYN like

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90
Q

alternative

A

one of two or more things that you can choose between

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91
Q

I can talk about appearance

A
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92
Q

male

A

men and boys are male

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93
Q

female

A

women and girls are female

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94
Q

well built

A

with a solid, strong body
SYN stocky

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95
Q

skinny

A

very thin, but not in an attractive way

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96
Q

in good/bad shape

A

in good/bad physical condition

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97
Q

plump

A

quite fat, in a nice way

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98
Q

fattish

A

quite fat

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99
Q

clean-shaven

A

without a beard or moustache

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100
Q

He’s got broad shoulders and it well built

A
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101
Q

He is tall and skinny. But he’s in good shape.

A
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102
Q

He’s got thick eyebrows and stubble. He is dark-skinned.
OPP light or pale-skinned

A
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103
Q

He’s going bald
OR He’s losing his hair OR
His hair’s receding.

A
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104
Q

be pregnant

A

SYN be expecting a baby

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105
Q

pretty

A

attractive and nice to look at (used especially about girls or young women)

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106
Q

smooth

A

with a completely flat surface
OPP rough

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107
Q

skin

A

your skin covers your body

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108
Q

tanned

A

having brown skin after spending time in the sun.
Tan (n)

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109
Q

slim

A

thin in an attractive way
SYN slender

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110
Q

figure

A

the shape of a woman’s body

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111
Q

appearance

A

the way sb looks

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112
Q

go grey

A

become grey-haired or white-haired.
OR white

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113
Q

neat

A

tidy and carefully arranged

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114
Q

contact lenses

A

small round pieces od plastic you wear in your eyes to help you see better.

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115
Q

tell sth

A

know or guess sth

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116
Q

this is my mother at 27 when she was pregnant; in fact, she was expecting me. She had a pretty, roundish face with beautiful smooth skin and long hair.

A
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117
Q

Here’s Mum now; she looks tanned. She’s still slim with a good figure. Her appearance hasn’t changed much, but she’s got a few wrinkles, she’s going gray, and her hair’s much shorter and neater. She wears contact lenses, and you can’t tell that she’s nearly 60.

A
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118
Q

-ish
The suffix -ish is used with some adjectives to mean ‘quite’.
A roundish face is a face which is quite round.
Also: tallish, youngish, fatish, ect.

A
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119
Q

I can talk about character

A
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120
Q

see sb as sth

A

imagine or think of sb in a particular way

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121
Q

ambitious

A

having a strong desire to do well or be successful.
OPP unambitious, ambition (n)

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122
Q

self-confident

A

feeling sure about your own ability
OPP insecure

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123
Q

generous

A

happy to give more money and help than is usual
OPP mean, generosity (n)

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124
Q

impatient

A

not able to stay calm and wait for sth/sb.
OPP modest, arrogance (n)

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125
Q

arrogant

A

thinking you are better than other people.
OPP modest, arrogance (n)

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126
Q

aggressive

A

likely to fight or argue
aggression (n)

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127
Q

Cheerful

A

feeling happy

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128
Q

easy-going

A

relaxed and not worried by what other people do.

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129
Q

energy

A

the ability to be very active without getting tired.
energetic (adj)

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130
Q

responsible

A

able to act sensibly and intelligently
OPP irresponsible

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131
Q

honest

A

always telling the truth
OPP dishonest, honesty (n)

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132
Q

hard-working

A

able to work with effort and for a long time
OPP lazy

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133
Q

tolerant

A

able to accept ideas you don’t agree with.
OPP intolerant, tolerance (n)

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134
Q

dull

A

boring

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135
Q

sense of humour

A

the ability to laugh at things and see when sth is funny

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136
Q

How I see myself
How others see me

A
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137
Q

Dan (33): I’m ambitious, self-confident, and generous. I’m also very impatient.

A
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138
Q

Kaz (18): I’m always cheerful, I’m easy-going, and I’ve got lots of energy.

A
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139
Q

Giles (45): I see myself as honest, hard-working, and generally tolerant.

A
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140
Q

How others see me
Some people really like me; others think I’m arrogant and maybe aggressive.

A
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141
Q

My parents don’t think I’m very responsible; my friends just think I’m crazy.

A
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142
Q

Other people probably think I’m a bit dull, without much sense of humour.

A
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143
Q

Crazy, mad, stupid
Crazy and mad mean ‘not sensible or practical; a bit stupid’.
Both words can describe a person or an action or idea, but the meaning is not always negative. They can describe someone who is a bit out of control but just wants to enjoy life.
Stupid is always negative.

A
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144
Q

I can describe my feelings

A
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145
Q

thrilled

A

very happy and excited
SYN delighted
E.g. He was thrilled to win and he kissed the cup.

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146
Q

furious

A

very angry
e.g. I lost his key; he was absolutely furious.

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147
Q

astonished

A

very surprise
SYN amazed
I was astonished to hear he was married.

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148
Q

heartbroken

A

very sad and emotionally upset
She was heartbroken when her father died.

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149
Q

terrified

A

very frightened
SYN scared stiff
I was terrified when the plane took off.

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150
Q

miserable

A

unhappy and depresses
SYN fed up
You look very miserable. What is wrong?

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151
Q

proud

A

pleased about sth you or other people have done.
I felt very proud when my book was published.

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152
Q

jealous

A

1 angry or sad because you are afraid of losing sb’s love.
2 angry or sad because sb has sth you don’t have. SYN envious.
E.g. My boyfriend is jealous when I’m with other boys.
E.g. I’ve always been jealous of Tom; everyone likes him.

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153
Q

anxious

A

worried and afraid
e.g. He was anxious before he went into hospital.

154
Q

upset

A

sad and angry because of sth that has happened.
E.g. Sally was very upset because no one spoke to her.

155
Q

absolutely and very
- Use absolutely before extreme adjectives.
e.g. furious, astonished, heartbroken, terrified.
- Use very before degree adjectives,
e.g. miserable, jealous, anxious, upset.
I was absolutely amazed. (NOT very amazed).
They were very proud. (NOT absolutely proud).

A
156
Q

how emotional are you?

A
157
Q

emotional

A

having strong feelings, and often showing them.
emotion (n)

158
Q

show your feelings

A

express your feelings openly.
OPP hide your feelings

159
Q

upset sb

A

make sb unhappy

160
Q

be in a bad mood

A

feel angry or unhappy at a particular time.
OPP be in a good mood

161
Q

hurt sb’s feelings

A

say sth that makes sb unhappy

162
Q

moody

A

if you are moody, you often change and become angry or unhappy for no obvious reason.

163
Q

sympathetic

A

kind and showing you understand sb’s problems (sympathetic doesn’t mean ‘friendly’ or ‘nice’ in English).

164
Q

supportive

A

giving help to sb who has a problem

165
Q

Sensitive
Sensitive has two meanings:
1. a positive meaning: ‘able to understand people’s feelings and problems.
(e.g. I think I’m quite sensitive, so I try not to upset other people).
OPP insensitive.
2. a more negative meaning: ‘easily upset’.
e.g. I’m sensitive about my appearance.

A
166
Q

I can talk about relationships

A
167
Q

friendship

A

the relationship between people who are friends.
E.g. Our friendship has always been very important to us.

168
Q

make friends

A

form friendly relationships.
E.g. I find it difficult to make friends.

169
Q

get on (well) with sb

A

have a good relationship with sb.
OPP not get on with sb.
E.g. Do you get on well with your classmate?

170
Q

rely on sb reliable (adj)

A

feel sure that sb will do what they say they will do.
SYN depend on sb
e.g. I can always rely on my sisters.
My brother’s not very reliable.

171
Q

trust sb

A

believe sb is good and won’t hurt you.
e.g. You have to trust your friends.

172
Q

loyal

A

being a friend to sb, even in difficult times.
OPP disloyal
e.g. He was very loyal to my father.

173
Q

sociable

A

a sociable person likes the company of other people.
OPP antisocial
e.g. She is very sociable and gets on well with people.

174
Q

keep in touch

A

(of two or more people) stay in contact by speaking or writing to each other.
e.g. Simon is an old friend. We’ve always kept in touch.

175
Q

friend
An old friend is someone you have known for a long time; a close friend is someone you know and like very much. If you are friendly with sb, you treat them as a friend.

A
176
Q

when things go wrong

A
177
Q

get to know sb

A

meet sb a number of times and become friends

178
Q

one another

A

each other

179
Q

get together

A

(of two or more people) meet for a social reason

180
Q

go wrong

A

used when a problem happens in a situation or relationship

181
Q

realize sth

A

begin to understand sth that you didn’t know before

182
Q

have nothing in common

A

(of two people) have no interests that are the same.
OPP have a lot in common

183
Q

reget sth/doing sth

A

feel sorry about sth you did or didn’t do

184
Q

split up with sb

A

stop being in a romantic relationship with sb

185
Q

go out with sb

A

have sb as a boyfriend or girlfriend

186
Q

in a (serious) relationship

A

having a long-term boyfriend or girlfriend

187
Q

fall out with sb

A

argue with sb and stop being friendly with them

188
Q

have a row / an argument

A

Both phrases mean ‘have an angry discussion’.
e.g. I had a row with Li.
The verb related to argument is argue.
e.g. They argued with each other.

189
Q

Perfect Weekend Channel Five
Wednesday 9:00p.m - 11pm
TV drama about a group of young people who got to know one another at university, and now, five years later, get together for a weekend. But things soon go wrong. John doesn’t get on with Dan, and now realizes they have nothing in common, while Pete regrets the fact that he split up with Amy, the girl he used to go out with. Now Amy is in a serious relationship with Keith (who didn’t go to university), and Keith doesn’t like Amy’s old friends. This creates tension in the group, and soon there’s a big row. Amy falls out with Pete, and Dan and John stop speaking to each other. And that’s just the beginning…

A
190
Q

I can talk about families

A
191
Q

only child

A

a child with no brothers or sister

192
Q

single parent

A

a mother or father who looks after their children alone

193
Q

foster parent

A

sb who looks after another person’s child in their home for a time

194
Q

adopt a child

A

take sb’s child into your family and legally make them your child

195
Q

get divorced

A

legally end your marriage
SYN get a divorce

196
Q

support sb

A

help someone live by giving them money, food, or a home

197
Q

bring sb up

A

look after a child and teach them how to live

198
Q

stepfather

A

a man who has married your mother but is not your father

199
Q

Stepmother

A
200
Q

stepson

A
201
Q

stepdaughter

A
202
Q

stepbrother

A
203
Q

stepsister

A
204
Q

half-brother, half-sister

A

a brother or sister who has either the same mother or the same father as you

205
Q

Marilyn Monroe was an only child from a single-parent family, but she lived with foster parents until she was seven, and then she was adopted by her mother’s best friend. She got married at sixteen, and she got divorced three times.

A
206
Q

Bill Clinton’s father died before he was born. His mother, Virginia, had to find a way to support Bill, so she studied nursing, and Bill was brought up by his grandparents. When Bill was four, his mother married Roger Clinton, who became Bill’s stepfather. Roger and Virginia had a son called Roger, who Bill Clinton’s half-brother.

A
207
Q

be related to sb

A

be in the same family as sb,
relative (n)
SYN relation

208
Q

member

A

a person who is in a group such as a family or a club

209
Q

royal

A

relating to a king or queen

210
Q

ancestor

A

a person in your family who lived a long time ago

211
Q

immigrant

A

a person who comes to a foreign country to live there

212
Q

emigrate from….to….

A

leaves your country in order to live in another

213
Q

previous

A

happing before the one you are talking about

214
Q

generation

A

all the beginning, before other things happened

215
Q

look like sb

A

have the same appearance as sb

216
Q

take after sb

A

be like an older member of your family

217
Q

I’m related to a member of the royal family.

We have ancestors who were Russian immigrants. They emigrated from Russia to Britain in the nineteenth century.

I’m from London, but previous generations of my family lived in Malta.

Some of my relatives were originally from China.

I took like my grandmother, but I take after my father. We’re both very lazy!

A
218
Q

I can talk about weddings and funerals

A
219
Q

choose sth
PT chose
PP chosen

A

decide which thing you want.
choice (n)

220
Q

ceremony

A

a formal public event

221
Q

religious

A

A religious ceremony takes place in a church, mosque, temple, ect.
Religion (n)

222
Q

civil

A

a civil ceremony is a non-religious one

223
Q

wedding

A

a time when a man and woman get married

224
Q

ring

A
225
Q

wedding reception

A

a meal and/or party after a wedding

226
Q

traditional

A

a traditional thing is sth that people have done for a long time

227
Q

make a speech

A

give a formal talk to lot of people at a special event

228
Q

drink a toast to sb

A

raise a glass of wine, ect. to wish sb success or happiness.

229
Q

with sb sth

A

say that you hope good things will happen to sb

230
Q

honeymoon

A

a holiday for a couple who have just got married

231
Q

celebrate sth

A

have a special meal, party, ect. to show you are happy about sth.

232
Q

anniversary

A

the date on which sth happened the previous year or in the past

233
Q

wedding and marriage; bridge and groom
A wedding is a ceremony for a couple (two people who are getting married). Marriage is the relationship between a husband and wife. We went to my sister’s wedding on Saturday.
Jack and Dana’s marriage lasted 40 years. On the wedding day, the couple are called the bride and groom. After they are married, they become husband and wife.

A
234
Q

when two people are planning to get married, they can choose to have a religious ceremony or a civil ceremony. On the wedding day, the groom is helped by a best man who brings the rings to the wedding ceremony. The bride may have one or more bridesmaids. Afterwards, there is a reception for the couple and the wedding guests. It is traditional for the best man and the groom to make speeches, and then everyone drinks a toast to the couple, and wishes them a long and happy marriage. After the reception, they usually go on their honeymoon. On the same day every year after that, the couple celebrate their wedding anniversary.

A
235
Q

the end of a life
graves
gravestone
mourners; the family are in mourning
coffin

A
236
Q

die (die of an illness)
death (n)
dead (adj)

A

stop living
e.g. He died of old age.
His death was very sad.

237
Q

widow

A

a woman whose husband has died.
e.g. Mark’s widow never remarried.

238
Q

widower

A

a man whose wife has died.
e.g. He’s been a widower for years.

239
Q

funeral

A

a ceremony after sb dies.
e.g. The funeral was at the church.

240
Q

burry sb
burial (n)

A

put a dead body in the ground.
e.g. He was buried this morning.

241
Q

cremate sb
cremation (n)

A

burn the body of a dead person as part of a funeral.
e.g. My grandmother wasn’t buried; she was cremated.

242
Q

cemetery

A

a place where dead people are buried.
e.g. He’s buried in that cemetery.

243
Q

will (n)

A

a document that says who will have your money or things when you die.
e.g. He left his sister $10,000 in his will.

244
Q

inherit sth
inheritance (n)

A

receive money or things from sb when they die.
e.g. I inherited $1,000 from my uncle.

245
Q

I can describe the universe

A
246
Q

universe

A

the whole of space and everything in it, including the planets and stars

247
Q

satellite

A

an object that moves round a bigger object in space

248
Q

in other words

A

used for saying sth in a different way

249
Q

circle sth

A

go round sth in a circle.
SYN revolve around sth

250
Q

approximately

A

about
SYN roughly

251
Q

reach sth

A

arrive at a palce

252
Q

space

A

the area beyond the earth round the planets and stars

253
Q

far-fetched

A

not easy to belive because it is very improbable.

254
Q

gain sth

A

get more and more of sth useful, such as knowledge or experience.

255
Q

knowledge

A

what you know and understand about sth

256
Q

The Universe
- The moon is a satellite of the earth; in other words, it circles around the earth. This takes approximately 28 days.
- The earth revolves around the sun every 365 days.
- The sun is a star, but seems much large than other stars because it is so close to the earth. Light from the sun takes approximately eight minutes to reach the earth.
- Nine planets revolve around the sun. We call the sun and all its planets the solar system.
- Seventy-five years ago, sending rockets into space seemed far-fetched, but now it is a fact of life and we have gained considerable knowledge of earth’s satellite and our solar system.

A
257
Q

scientist
science (n)
scientific (adj)

A

a person who studies the physical world

258
Q

Scientific exploration

A
259
Q

satellite

A

a piece of electronic equipment that is sent into space and moves around

260
Q

explore sth

A

travel round a place in order to learn about it.
exploration (n)

261
Q

carry out sth

A

do and complete a task

262
Q

experiment

A

a scientific test done in order to learn sth

263
Q

analysis

A

a careful study of sth in order to explain it.
analyse (v)

264
Q

confirm sth

A

say or show that sth is true or definite
confirmation (n)

265
Q

exist

A

if sth exist, it is present in the real world
existence (n)

266
Q

discover or invent?
- If you discover something, you learn about or find something for the first time. Discover (n)
- If you invent something, you create something that didn’t exist before. Invention (n)
They’ve discovered a new planet.
Who invented the telescope?

A
267
Q

Why go to Mars?
Scientists have already sent satellites to explore the surface of Mars, and carried out experiments to see if they can discover any signs of life. So far, they haven’t found any. but an analysis of rocks from Mars has confirmed that they were created by the presence of water and wind. In other words, life could have existed in the past.

A
268
Q

I can talk about rivers and the sea

A
269
Q

water

A
270
Q

flow

A

move smoothly (like water)

271
Q

burst

A

break open suddenly and violently

272
Q

Ocean

A

a very big sea
e.g. the Atlantic Ocean

273
Q

tide

A

the regular change in the sea level caused by the moon and sun

274
Q

capsize

A

(used of boats) turn over in the water

275
Q

underwater

A

happening or existing below the surface of the water

276
Q

drown

A

die in water because you can’t breathe

277
Q

cause (v,n)
To cause something is to make something (often unpleasant) happen.
The wind caused problems for cyclists.
The cause of something is the person or thing that makes it happen.
The police don’t know the cause of the accident.

A
278
Q

wide river

A
279
Q

deep

A
280
Q

shallow

A
281
Q

narrow river

A
282
Q

Rivers flow to the sea. A river can be wide (width =>noun) and deep (depth => noun) or narrow and shallow. If it rains heavily, a river can burst its banks, which causes floods. If there is no rain for a long time, river dried up.

A
283
Q

The sea and Oceans
The tide comes in (high tide) and goes out (low tide) twice a day.
Boats float on the surface of the water.
In bad weather, a boat can capsize and sink. People on the boat may be trapped underwater and may drown.

A
284
Q

Different areas of water
waterfall
lake
stream
pond
puddle
canal

A
285
Q

coast

A

the area of land that is close to or next to the sea or an ocean

286
Q

shore

A

the land along the edge of the sea, a lake, ect.

287
Q

steep

A

a steep hill or cliff goes up quickly from a low place to a high one.

288
Q

protect sb/sth from sth

A

keep sb/sth safe from sth
Protection (n)

289
Q

rough

A

a rough sea has big waves
OPP calm

290
Q

Our local beach is mainly sandy, with a few rocks and pebbles down by the shore. There’s a steep cliff rising above the beach, and children often play in the caves there. At the end of the bay there’s a small harbour. When the weather’s bad, the sailing boats are protected from the waves and the rough sea. We often see large ships on the horizon.

A
291
Q

sand (n)
sandy (adj)

A
292
Q

I can describe the climate

A
293
Q

pour (with rain)

A

rain heavily
e.g. It is pouring outside!

294
Q

soaking wet
SYN soaked

A

extremely wet
It was pouring with rain and I got soaking wet

295
Q

drizzle (v,n)

A

rain lightly, with very small drops
e.g. It was drizzling when I left the office.

296
Q

rainbow

A
297
Q

bitterly cold

A

extremely cold
It’s bitterly cold today.

298
Q

chilly

A

a little too cold to be comfortable.
It gets chilly in the evening.

299
Q

mild

A

warm than usual for the time of year.
e.g. It’s been a very mild winter.

300
Q

heatwave

A

a period of unusually hot weather.
e.g. I hate this heatwave!

301
Q

muggy
SYN humid

A

warm and damp in an unpleasant way.
It’s really muggy today.

302
Q

mist (n)
misty (adj)

A

thin cloud near the ground which is difficult to see through (not as thick as fog).
You get a lot of mist in the mornings in autumn.

303
Q

frost (n)
frosty (adj)

A

the weather condition when the temperature is below 0 degrees C and ice forms on the windows, the ground, ect.
e.g. There was a frost last night; there’s ice on the car.

304
Q

breeze (n)
breezy (adj)

A

a light wind.
It’s hot today, but there’s a lovely breeze.

305
Q

gale

A

a strong wind.
e.g. There were gales last night.

306
Q

Climate change

A
307
Q

effect (n), affect (v)
- An effect is a change which is caused by something.
What are the effects of global warming?
- To affect something means to make it change in a particular way.
Climate change will affect all our lives (= will make our lives change).

A
308
Q

climate

A

the normal weather conditions of a particular region

309
Q

(the) environment

A

the natural world; the air, land, and water in which people, plants, and animals live (an environmentalist is sb who studies the environment).

310
Q

gradual

A

happing slowly over a long period of time.
gradually (adv)

311
Q

the atmosphere

A

the gases around the earth, planets, ect.

312
Q

harmful

A

causing damage, injury, or illness.
harm sth.sb (v)

313
Q

gas

A

a substance like air, e.g. oxygen and hydrogen

314
Q

pollution

A

dirty and dangerous gases, chemicals, ect. that harm the environment.
pollute (v)

315
Q

human

A

connected with people

316
Q

melt

A

if you heat ice, it melts: it changes from a solid to a liquid

317
Q

rise

A

increase; go higher.
rise (n)
OPP fall (n,v)

318
Q

extreme

A

much hotter, colder, or more violent than usual

319
Q

unpredictable

A

If sth is unpredictable, you can’t say how it will change in the future.
OPP predictable
Predict (v)

320
Q

disappear

A

stop existing
SYN vanish

321
Q

famine

A

A famine is when there is not enough food in a country

322
Q

disease

A

illness in people, animals, or palnts.

323
Q

spread

A

affect more and more people or things

324
Q

Our environment
Global warming is the gradual increase in the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere, and is caused by harmful gases. Many environmentalists believe that most of this pollution is the result of human activities. Here are some of the effects:
- As the ice at the poles melts, sea levels could rise by almost a meter in the next century.
- There will be more extreme and unpredictable weather, e.g. heatwaves or floods.
- Famine and disease will spread, and this will especially affect people in poor countries.

A
325
Q

I can describe natural disasters

A
326
Q

disaster

A

a very bad event, causing harm or death

327
Q

violent

A

very strong and usually causing damage.
violence (n)

328
Q

sudden

A

happening very quickly.
suddenly (adv)

329
Q

ground

A

the top part of the earth’s surface that people walk on

330
Q

damage

A

harm or injury caused when sth is broken.
Damage (v)

331
Q

destroy sth

A

break sth completely so it can’t be used again.
Destruction (n)

332
Q

erupt

A

explode and throw out fire, burning rocks, ect.

333
Q

lave

A

hot liquid rock

334
Q

surrounding

A

that is near or around sth
Surroundings (N)

335
Q

Crops

A

plants that are grown for food, e.g. rice and potatoes

336
Q

starve (to death)

A

suffer (or die) because you don’t have enough food

337
Q

Hurricane

A

this word is used especially of storms in the western Atlantic. It is a violent storm with very strong winds. In other parts of the world, especially Asia, it is called a typhoon.

338
Q

Earthquake

A

a sudden violent movement of the ground causing damage

339
Q

tidal wave

A

a very large ocean wave that is caused by a storm or earthquake, and which destroys things when it reaches land

340
Q

Volcanic eruption

A

a volcano is a mountain with a hole in the top, and when it erupts, hot gases and lava are forced out into the air and onto the surrounding land.

341
Q

Drought

A

a long period with no rain. Crops die, and people many starve to death

342
Q

hit sth/sb

A

make sudden violent contact with sth/sb
SYN strike sth/sb

343
Q

collapse

A

If a building collapses, it falls to the ground
collapse (n)

344
Q

evacuate sb

A

move sb away from a dangerous palce
evacuation (n)

345
Q

fear

A

a feeling that sth bad might happen
fear (v)

346
Q

trap sb

A

If sb is trapped, they are inside sth and can’t get out

347
Q

death toll

A

the number of people killed in a disaster, accident, ect.

348
Q

considerable

A

very large in size or amount

349
Q

crucial

A

very important

350
Q

rescue sb

A

take sb from a dangerous place to safety
SYN save sb

351
Q

maintain sth

A

make sth continue at a certain level

352
Q

supply
(PL supplies)

A

an amount of sth that you need

353
Q

Thousand have now been evacuated, but there are fears that many are still trapped inside their homes, so the death toll could rise. The damage already been considerable and the next 48 hours will be crucial, not only to rescue more people but also to try to maintain supplies of water and electricity.

A
354
Q

I can describe animals and insects

A
355
Q

lion

A
356
Q

tail

A
357
Q

elephant

A
358
Q

trunk

A
359
Q

tiger

A
360
Q

stripes

A
361
Q

camel

A
362
Q

leopard

A
363
Q

spots

A
364
Q

spider

A
365
Q

monkey

A
366
Q

fly

A
367
Q

gorilla

A
368
Q

bear

A
369
Q

fur

A
370
Q

snake

A
371
Q

bee

A
372
Q

shark

A
373
Q

whale

A
374
Q

eagle

A
375
Q

wing

A
376
Q

beak

A
377
Q

feathers

A
378
Q

mosquito

A
379
Q

creature

A

a living thing such as an animal, bird, fish, or insect.

380
Q

wild

A

living in natural conditions; not looked after by people

381
Q

insect

A

a small animal with six legs, one or two pairs of wings, and a body in three parts

Sữa (9 decks)

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