Intergated clinical MMB

Question 1

What causes a clavicle fracture?

Answer 1

Fall on outstretched hand

Question 2

What happens in a clavicle fracture?

Answer 2

Displacement can stretch the skin
Sling immobilisation to counteract the weight of the arm and neutralise sternocleidomastoid action

Question 3

Which nerve is most at risk in a humerus fracture?

Answer 3

Radial nerve
Passes from posteriomedial to anterolateral in the spiral groove

Question 4

what is conservative treatment of humeus fracture?

Answer 4

U shaped slab
Hanging cast
Opposite to clavicle fractures, the sling allows gravity to align fracture

Question 5

What happens during a humerus fractures?

Answer 5

Radial nerve at risk
Distal 1/3 spiral fracture
Nerve is immobile at lateral intermuscular septum
Wrist and finger drop

Question 6

what is the surgical treatment for humerus fractures?

Question 7

What are the types of distal radius fracture?

Answer 7

Colles’ fracture
Smith fracture

Question 8

What happens in distal radius fracture?

Answer 8

Deformity and fracture haematoma can result in compression of the media nerve

Question 9

What can cause scaphoid fracture?

Answer 9

Fall on outstretched hand

Question 10

Which artery can be affected in scaphoid fracture?

Answer 10

Dorsal carpal branch (branch of radial artery)

Question 11

what stabilizes the AX joit?

Answer 11

AC ligament
CC ligament (Conoid & Trapezoid)

Question 12

How do you identify anterior shoulder dislocation on an AP xray view?

Answer 12

The humerus is placed downwards and away from the scapula

Question 13

How do you identify posterior shoulder dislocation on an AP xray view?

Answer 13

HUmerus is just away from scapula

Question 14

How do you identify deforming gorce shoulder dilocation?

Answer 14

Acroion is the most lateral structure
Pull of sunscapularis
(head of humerus is placed between ribs and acromion)

Question 15

What are the complications of shoulder dislocation?

Answer 15

Axillary injury
Labrum injury (Bankart lesion)
Bone injury (Hill-sachs lesion)

Question 16

How do you identify posterior shoulder dislocation on a lateral scapular (y) view?

Answer 16

Humoral head posterior to glenoid (Humeral above below Y)

Question 17

How do you identify anterior shoulder dislocation on a lateral scapular (y) view?

Answer 17

Humeral head anterior to glenoid (Humeral head below y)

Question 18

What are the motor and sensory symptoms during axillary nerve injury in shoulder dislocation?

Answer 18

Sensory: absent sensations in regimental badge area
Motor:Deltoid weakness

Question 19

What happens in Hill-sachs lesion?

Answer 19

Bone injury
IMpaction injury in posterosuperior humeral head secondary to contact with the glenoid rim

Question 20

What happens in Bankart lesion?

Answer 20

Labrum injury
Shoulder instability
Requires surgical repair

Question 21

What is pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis?

Answer 21

Infection of the synovial sheath that surrounds the flexor tendon

Question 22

What are the most common bacterial infection in pyogenic flexor tensosynovitis?

Answer 22

Staph aureus

Question 23

What is the presentation of pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis?

Answer 23

Flexed posture
Tenderness
Pain with passive extension
Fusiform swelling

Question 24

What is a finger extensor tendon injuries?

Answer 24

boutonniere deformity

Question 25

What is boutonniere deformity?

Answer 25

Rupture of central slip
Finger is flexed at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and hyperextnded at the distal interphalangeal joint (DIP)
boutonniere splint