Interference - Forgetting

Question 1

Retroactive?

Answer 1

Old memory being interfered with by new memory.
Learned many names this year she has difficulty remembering last year names.

Question 2

Proactive?

Answer 2

When a new information is being interfered by old memory
Learned so many names last year can’t remember the new names

Question 3

Why does forgetting happen?

Answer 3

Due to interference
Two piece of information conflicting with each other resulting in forgetting one or both

Question 4

Does forgetting happen in the LTM or the STM

Answer 4

LTM as it is more or less permanent therefore forgetting occurs because we can’t access the memory even though they are available which is forgetting.

Question 5

How many types of interference are there?

Answer 5

2 types of interference
As it’s very likely that memories are stored at different times so psychologists recognise that there are two types of interference.

Question 6

Which memory is lost in proactive?

Answer 6

The new memory is lost as the old one is interfering with it

Question 7

Which memory is lost in Retroactive?

Answer 7

The old memory is lost in retroactive as the new memory is messing with the new one

Question 8

Is interference worse when memories are similar?

Answer 8

Yes as it causes confusion

Question 9

Who studied retroactive interference?

Answer 9

McGeoh and McDonald

Question 10

What did McGeoh and McDonald do ?

Answer 10

Had 6 groups of people who and gave them the same 10 words that they had to learn with 100 % accuracy. Then had to learn a new list.
Group 1 - synonyms
Group 2 - antonyms
Group 3 - unrelated words to original one
Group 4 - constant syllables
Group 5 - three digit number
Group 6 - no new list - participants rested

Question 11

What are the finding of McGoeh and Mc Donald

Answer 11

Group 1 was the worst and it gradually got better until group 6
Shows that similar words and memories make us more confused that is why Group 1 with synonyms are the worst and the best one is Group 6 as they had no new list .

Question 12

What are the limitations of McGeoh and McDonald research?

Answer 12

Artificial tasks which we don’t do on a normal day - lacks ecological validity
Tulving : intereference caused a temporary loss and was overcome by cues

Question 13

Who researched retrieval failure and the encoding specificity principle (ESP)

Answer 13

Tulving in 1983

Question 14

What did Tulving say about cues helping us remember things?

Answer 14

Tulving argued that in order for a cue to be useful and help us recall something it needs to be present at encoding for us to be able to recall it easily.

Question 15

What happens when retrieval and encoding cues are different ?

Answer 15

Forgetting will occur

Question 16

How many types of ESP are there?

Answer 16

2 types of

Question 17

What are the 2 types of ESP called?

Answer 17

Context - dependent forgetting
State - dependent forgetting

Question 18

What was the aim of the context dependent forgetting research?

Answer 18

The aim was to see if context ( environment) affects the recall of a word lost

Question 19

What was the method to test for context dependent forgetting?

Answer 19

Diver learned a list of words either on land or underwater.
They then were asked to recall their word list either on land or underwater

Question 20

What were the results for context dependent forgetting?

Answer 20

If learned on land - answered on land = good recall
If learned underwater - answered underwater = good recall

However

If learned on land - answered underwater = bad recall
If learned underwater - answered on land = bad recall
40% less recall than if it were in the same context

Question 21

What is the final conclusion for the research of context dependent forgetting?

Answer 21

If you are in the same context then you are more likely to remember the information

Question 22

What is the aim of state dependent forgetting

Answer 22

To see if state (emotional state) affects the recall of word list

Question 23

What was the method to test state dependent forgetting?

Answer 23

Gave some participants anti-histamines and some didn’t take them
Gave them a list of words to remember then asked them to recall the word list

Question 24

What are the results for the state dependent forgetting research?

Answer 24

If on drug - recall on drug = good recall
If not on drug - recall not on drugs = good recall

However
If on drugs -recall not on drugs = bad recall
If not on drugs - recall on drugs = bad recall

Question 25

What is the final conclusion for state dependent forgetting

Answer 25

Memory is significantly worse when the state is not the same.
When the state is the same you are more likely to remember the information