Interesting Dates in History Flashcards
Birth of Confucius
BC 551
Battle of Marathon
BC 490
The Second Punic War (The Hannibalic War) begins
BC 218
Caesar assassinated in Rome
BC 44
Roman Conquest of Britain begun by Emperor Claudius
43
Revolt of Boudicca (Boadicea)
60
Great fire of Rome, lasted 9 days (Nero fiddles, etc!)
64
Mount Vesuvius erupts – the cities of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae are buried in volcanic ash
79
Building of Hadrian’s Wall begins
122
St Alban first Christian martyr in Britain
304
Council of Arles (attended by British bishops)
314
First Council of Nicaea
325
St Ninian first to preach Christian religion in Scotland, arrives Solway Firth
350
Council of Rimini (attended by British bishops)
359
Battle of Adrianople (important defeat of Roman army by Goths)
378
John Chrysostom dies
407
Sack of Rome (by Visigoths)
410
St Patrick begins mission to Ireland
432
Beginning of invasions by Jutes, Angles and Saxons
449
Council of Chalcedon
451
Death of King Arthur (many think he never existed as a real person)
537
Columba arrives in Iona and founds the Celtic Christian Church
563
Birth of Mohammed (Muhammad)
570
Mission led by St Augustine of Canterbury, converts King Ethelbert
597
St Paul’s Cathedral in London founded
604
Edwin is king of Northumbria (overcame all Britain save Kent alone)
617–33
Synod of Whitby
664
Birth of the Venerable Bede, first English historian
673
Lindisfarne Gospels
698
First written version of Anglo-Saxon epic poem Beowulf
722
Bede’s Ecclesiastical History
731
Charlemagne crowned Emperor of the West by Pope Leo III
800
Alfred the Great reigns (Wessex)
871–99
The Battle of Chippenham (Alfred defeated), Alfred burns the cakes, The Battle of Edington (Alfred beats Danes)
878
Treaty of Wedmore: England divided between Alfred the Great of Wessex (the south and west) and the ‘Danelaw’ under Guthram (the north and east)
880
Beginning of Anglo-Saxon Chronicle marks revival of learning in England
891
Edward the Elder reigns (Wessex)
899–924
Æthelstan reigns (England)
927–39
Edgar introduces a new coinage – the royal portrait becomes a regular feature on coins
973
Vikings explore the North American coast
1004
London Bridge torn down by Vikings with grappling irons
1010
Canute reigns as king of Denmark, Norway and England
1016–35
Macbeth murders Duncan and takes the throne of Scotland
1040
Edward the Confessor reigns
1042–66
King Edward the Confessor began rebuilding St Peter’s Abbey (later Westminster Abbey)
1042–52
The Great Schism, when Christianity divided into Western (Latin) and Eastern (Greek) branches
1054
Edward the Confessor dies, the battle of Hastings
1066
Harold Godwinson reigns for less than a year
1066
William I reigns
1066–87
Harrowing of the North’ (William I punished the innocent with the guilty)
1069
Building of Tower of London starts
1081
Completion of Domesday Book
1086
First crusade begins
1096
First record of football in England
c. 1100
Henry I reigns
1100–35
David I becomes King of Scotland
1124
Stephen of Blois reigns
1135–54
Portugal becomes independent from Spain
1139
Second crusade begins
1147
First recorded Mersey Ferry
1150
Henry II reigns (m. Eleanor of Aquitaine – he already has Normandy, Anjou and Aquitaine, and is now the most powerful man in Europe)
1154–89
Thomas Becket assassinated
1170
London Bridge construction in stone started (from tax on wool)
1176
Third crusade begins
1187
Richard I reigns (Richard the Lionheart)
1189–99
Jews of York massacred (150 in number)
1190
John reigns (Lackland)
1199–1216
Pope Innocent III initiates the Fourth Crusade
1202
4th crusade from Venice sacks Constantinople
1204
Magna Carta (Great Charter)
1215
Fourth Lateran Council defined the doctrine of transubstantiation
1215
Henry III reigns (Henry of Winchester)
1216–72
Fifth crusade begins
1217
Start of building current York Minster
1220
Introduction of a poll tax in England
1222
Sixth crusade begins
1228
Treaty of York signed by Henry III of England and Alexander II of Scotland – set the border between England and Scotland
1237
Henry III begins re-construction of Westminster Abbey
1245
Seventh Crusade begins
1248
Henry III is forced by seven powerful barons to accept the Provisions of Oxford
1258
Battle of Lewes; Henry III captured by Simon de Montfort
1264
First elected English parliament (De Montfort’s Parliament) conducts its first meeting, in the Palace of Westminster
1265
Eighth Crusade
1270
Ninth (and last) crusade
1271
Edward I reigns (Longshanks)
1272–1307
Edward I embarks on the conquest of Wales
1277
Edward I (Longshanks) orders all Jews to leave England
1290
King Edward I awards Scottish crown to John Baliol
1292
Battle of Stirling Bridge, defeat of English Army
1297
Battle of Falkirk, Edward I defeats William Wallace
1298
William Wallace executed at Smithfields
1305
Robert the Bruce crowned King Robert I of Scots
1306
Edward II reigns (Edward of Caernarfon)
1307–27
Dunstanburgh Castle built by the Earl of Lancaster
1313
Scottish and Welsh wars. Bannockburn (Robert the Bruce routed the English)
1314
Edward II banned football in London
1314
Declaration of Arbroath; a statement of Scottish independence
1320
Edward III reigns
1327–77
Edward III asserts his claim to the French throne – ‘Hundred Years War’ begins
1338
Black Death
1348–51
Charles V (the Wise) becomes King of France
1364
Statutes of Kilkenny belatedly forbid intermarriage of English and Irish – Gaelic culture unsuccessfully suppressed
1366
Richard II reigns
1377–99
Start of the Papal Schism (until 1417) when three men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope
1378
The Peasant’s revolt (John Ball, Wat Tyler, Richard II)
1381
First translation of the Bible into English, by John Wycliffe
1382
Treaty of Windsor between Britain and Portugal (unbroken)
1386
Chaucer begins writing The Canterbury Tales
1387
Henry IV reigns (Bolingbroke)
1399–1413
Henry V reigns
1413–22
Henry V victorious at Agincourt
1415
John Hus, Czech priest, burnt at stake
1415
Henry VI (first reign)
1422–61
Eton College founded by Henry VI
1440
Fall of Constantinople; end of Hundred Years’ War
1453
Publication of the Gutenberg Bible
1455
Wars of the Roses
1455–87
Edward IV (first reign)
1461–70
Henry VI (second reign)
1470–71
Battle of Barnet (Yorkists defeat the Lancastrians)
1471
Edward IV (second reign)
1471–1483
Caxton sets up a printing press in Westminster
1476
Edward IV bans cricket
1477
Edward V reigns for less than a year
1483
Richard III reigns
1483–85
Battle of Bosworth Field
1485
Henry VII reigns
1485–1509
Columbus encounters America
1492
Battle of Deptford Bridge – end of the Cornish rebellion against Henry VII
1497
Leonardo da Vinci paints Mona Lisa
1503-5
Henry VIII reigns
1509–47
Flodden Field
1513
Thomas More writes Utopia
1516
Luther posts 95 theses
1517
Cortez conquers Aztecs
1519
Publication of Luther’s Three Treatises
1520
Publication of Luther’s translation of the New Testament into German
1522
Publication of Tyndale’s translation of the New Testament into English
1526
The Marburg Colloquy (between Luther and Zwingli on The Lord’s Supper)
1529
Act of Supremacy in England creates Anglican Church
1534
Execution of Thomas More
1535
Calvin establishes reformed faith in Geneva
1536
The Dissolution of the Monasteries
1536–41
Henry VIII issues English Bible
1538
Thomas Cromwell executed
1540
Copernicus publishes heliocentric theory
1543